28, no. This change increased the importance of the string bass. RapDr Johnsons Dictionary of the English Language (1755) listed To RAP out. Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, Tommy Potter, Duke Jordan, and Max Roach at Three Deuces, ca. The hipster subculture adopted the lifestyle of the jazz musician, including some or all of the following features: dress, slang, use of cannabis and other recreational drugs, relaxed attitude, sarcastic humble or self-imposed poverty, and relaxed sexual Webblues, secular folk music created by African Americans in the early 20th century, originally in the South. Late bop also moved towards extended forms that represented a departure from pop and show compositions. Hard bop was a simplified derivative of bebop introduced by Horace Silver and Art Blakey in the mid-1950s. In the books subtitle, I used a term that most jazz musicians of the late 1940s bebop era would have been proud to bear hipster meaning someone who was one of the sharpest, the most in the know, and I had no problem calling my book A Dictionary of Hipster Slang. WebThe name bebop is simply imitative in origin: it came from a vocalized version of the clipped short notes that characterized the sound of this new musical language, which was often Development of jazz would occur through the interplay of bebop, cool, post-bop, and hard bop styles through the 1950s. Complicated harmonic substitutions for more basic chords became commonplace. A little later in the conversation, Bush talks about the need to get Hezbollah to stop doing this shit. Anchors Aweigh. Though a seemingly innocuous word, tag has been used throughout time to mean multiple things. The insult really didnt surface as one until the 1940s, but likely derives from the 1740 Dutch word klinken, meaning to ring as when something is struck. All Navy slang has a backstory. These days, most papers run new words of the year articles, in which we are told, for example, that twerking had been brought in from the wilderness. It came alive. In jazz. "Bebop: a case in point. How every letter can be (annoyingly) silent, Helping you navigate the linguistic road ahead. When I get up, Mama is in the kitchen brewing tea. Delivered to your inbox! For example:The pianist last night proved she had the chops to play such a prestigious venue. Many of the historical sayings documented in my book such as referring to a modern-day sex worker by the 13th century term, soiled dove, or employing a 200-year-old name for a gay man, backgammon player would now be unacceptable to someone or other online, busily taking offence on behalf of everyone else. At first glance, this might look like a straightforward example of a politician making a lamentable attempt to be down with the kids. Tirro, Frank. Bebop originated as "musicians' music", played by musicians with other money-making gigs who did not care about the commercial potential of the new music. At this years Social Media Week gathering in London, the ad for one event urged delegates to put on your marketing seatbelt and get ready for a content marketing riff-a-palooza of actionable takeaways which sounds vaguely as if it might involve suing your local fast-food outlet while another claimed to have identified a new target audience, the mipster, or Muslim hipster. Read the excerpt from Other Words for Home. Clarinetist Artie Shaw described singer Bing Crosby as "the first hip white person born in the United States."[5]. . A developed and even more highly syncopated, linear rhythmic complexity and a melodic angularity in which the. Hipsters were more interested in bebop and "hot" jazz than they were in swing, which by the late 1940s was becoming old-fashioned and watered down by "squares" like Lawrence Welk, Guy Lombardo and Robert Coates. Great Big List of Beautiful and Useless Words, Vol. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Tenor saxophonist Lester Young (19091959) is credited with popularizing it in jazz circles as a term of endearment, meaning something that is fashionable:He is a really cool cat. This genre came alive in the very early 20th century along the mouth of the Mississippi in New Orleans, and from there, it took on a life of its own. Read the excerpt from Other Words for Home. The term "bebop" is derived from nonsense syllables (vocables) used in scat singing; the first known example of "bebop" being used was in McKinney's Cotton Pickers' "Four or Five Times", recorded in 1928. Bawdy, mocking, occasionally brutal, superbly inventive and yet somehow overwhelmingly good-hearted, it helped fuel my interest these past 30-odd years in the language of everyday people not as heard in drawing rooms or public orations, but late at night three sheets to the wind, or dodging shells in the trenches, when circumstances call for choice expressions that sum things up or cut them down. When the jazz giant pianist Thelonious Monk first heard revolutionary saxophonist Ornette Coleman, he exclaimed,Man, that cat is nuts!. WebBebop was associated with the East Coast (e.g., New York); cool jazz was associated with the West Coast (e.g., California). Owing to the internet and 24-hour global media, the word twerk went from cool to embarrassing in record time, its recognition factor spreading so far outside its original core group that Private Eye was able to print a cartoon just weeks afterwards, showing a group of elderly gents in cloth caps gyrating arthritically in a building labelled Twerking Mens Club, confident that readers of all ages would understand the meaning of theword. [5] Dizzy Gillespie stated that the audiences coined the name after hearing him scat the then-nameless compositions to his players and the press ultimately picked it up, using it as an official term: "People, when they'd wanna ask for those numbers and didn't know the name, would ask for bebop. Arriba!" FlyNow associated with the hip-hop fraternity, fly a term of approval meaning smart, aware, capable was in use in London 200 years ago, recorded in the third edition of Francis Groses Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue (1811): FLY. [3] The first, known print appearance also occurred in 1939, but the term was little-used subsequently until applied to the music now associated with it in the mid-1940s. By the late 1950s, hepcat was shortened to cat in common usage, and a decade later,cat was documented as an accepted title for a jazz musician. Perhaps that explains why jazz musicians earlier in this century invented the vocabulary. Though there is little etymological evidence, Freddie Greens 1956 composition Corner Pocket has led many to believe that the term originated in pool-playing vernacular, as in Im going to sink the eight ball in the corner pocket. Voicing experiments based on bebop harmonic devices were used by Miles Davis and Gil Evans for the groundbreaking "Birth of the Cool" sessions in 1949 and 1950. While swing music tended to feature orchestrated big band arrangements, bebop music highlighted improvisation. Indeed, the word hip itself only became hip after its predecessor, hep, fell out of favour, as noted by Blossom Dearie in the song Im Hip (1966): When it was hip to be hep, I was hep. She has set out large chunks of feta and slightly toast . Bebop (the term wasnt the musicians own; Clarke said, We called ourselves modern) arose on the brink of the Second World War, and came to fruition His phrasing was far removed from the two or four bar phrases that horn players had used until then. Advertisement. Saxophonist Paul Klemperer described this term to ezine JazzThink as the place where you work out the techniques that form the foundation of your improvisational ability.. Bebop groups used rhythm sections in a way that expanded their role. The word jazzderives from the 1860s slang word jasm,meaning energy, vitality, spirit. However, it first appeared in American English in 1912 as a baseball term meaning lively, energetic. By 1915, it had become the label for the genre of music as we know it today. "[6] Another theory is that it derives from the cry of "Arriba! Sir Charles Thompson's all-star session of September 4, 1945 for the Apollo label (Takin' Off, If I Had You, Twentieth Century Blues, The Street Beat) featured Parker and Gordon. Guitarist Charlie Christian, who had arrived in New York in 1939 was, like Parker, an innovator extending a southwestern style. This word for a type of dancing had been around in rap circles for roughly two decades first surfacing in a 1992 New Orleans bounce track by DJ Jubilee called Do the Jubilee All though the term would have meant little to anyone outside of Louisiana. In Cab Calloways 1939 Hepsters Dictionary: Language of Jive, he defined the word hepcat as a guy or gal who knows what its all about. The hep prefix means aware and up to date, while the jazz slang suffix -cat refers to a lover of jazz music. In 1944 the crew of innovators was joined by Dexter Gordon, a tenor saxophone player from the west coast in New York with the Louis Armstrong band, and a young trumpet player attending the Juilliard School of Music, Miles Davis.[16]. Instead, bebop appeared to sound racing, nervous, erratic and often fragmented. Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie were both participants at a recorded jam session hosted by Billy Eckstine on February 15, 1943, and Parker at another Eckstine jam session on February 28, 1943 (Stash ST-260; ST-CD-535). Borrowing from swing, and rooted in the blues, bebop is the foundation on which modern jazz was built. It describes people who, according to Lanham, enjoy strutting in platform shoes with a biography of Che Guevara sticking out of their bags, which shows how far the word has travelled since the days of alto sax giant Charlie Parker or boogie pianist Harry the Hipster Gibson. Later Afro-Cuban styled recordings for Bluebird in collaboration with Cuban rumberos Chano Pozo and Sabu Martinez, and arrangers Gil Fuller and George Russell (Manteca, Cubana Be, Cubana Bop, Guarache Guaro) would be among his most popular, giving rise to the Latin dance music craze of the late 1940s and early 1950s. Slang has always fascinated me. But how is it changing in the digital age, when a wrong word so easily offends? As blogger Perez Hilton put it: On the heels of Miley Cyrus twerktastic evening at the VMAs comes the single that is going to BLOW YOUR TWEEN MIND! Or not, as the case may be. Bebop was initially called rebop and some early recordings used rebop as part of the title of a song or part of the name of a group, such as Charlie Parkers Reboppers (or Ree Boppers) used for record dates he made in 1945. In modern speech, cool means several things: from describing an amicable relationship (Yeah man, were cool) to the literal feel of the weather. [4] In The Jazz Scene (1959), the British historian and social theorist Eric Hobsbawm (originally writing under the pen name Francis Newton) described hipster languagei.e., "jive-talk or hipster-talk"as "an argot or cant designed to set the group apart from outsiders". As musicians and composers began to work with expanded music theory during the mid-1950s, its adaptation by musicians who worked it into the basic dynamic approach of bebop would lead to the development of post-bop. Find and record a definition for dating from three different sources. They practiced swing, they practiced classical music, and they practiced bebop itself. "Progressive jazz" was a broad category of music that included bebop-influenced "art music" arrangements used by big bands such as those led by Boyd Raeburn, Charlie Ventura, Claude Thornhill, and Stan Kenton, and the cerebral harmonic explorations of smaller groups such as those led by pianists Lennie Tristano and Dave Brubeck. "At that time musicians used jive talk among themselves and many customers were picking up on it. Feeling 'bumfuzzled' or have the 'collywobbles'? Bands jamming together create some incredible music, though. Norman Mailer's 1957 pamphlet, entitled The White Negro,[7] has become the paradigmatic example of hipster ideology. The majority of Arabic pop music is produced and originated in Cairo, Egypt. The term cool jazz refers to a particular style of jazz music that became popular in the late 1940s. Byas became the first tenor saxophone player to fully assimilate the new bebop style in his playing. Bop improvisers built upon the phrasing ideas first brought to attention by Lester Young's soloing style. The growth of bebop through 1945 is also documented in informal live recordings. It was invented by and named for Adolphe Sax, a Belgian musician and tinkerer who also made a series of instruments that use the traditional trumpet-style cup-shaped mouthpiece called by the lesser-known name saxhorn. Birdbrain. By 1950, bebop musicians such as Clifford Brown and Sonny Stitt began to smooth out the rhythmic eccentricities of early bebop. Musicians at the club began calling me Harry the Hipster; so I wrote a new tune called 'Handsome Harry the Hipster.'" An insightful YouTube video with Jimmy Raney, a jazz guitarist who played with Charlie Parker, describes how Parker would listen to the music of Bla Bartk, a leading 20th century classical composer. Groovy was the hip new jazz word of the early 1940s, batted around by bebop musicians and pulp novelists. A father of bebop, he influenced generations of musicians, and sparked the fire of one of the most important and successful American artistic movements. [1] As bebop was not intended for dancing, it enabled the musicians to play at faster tempos. This kind of language is a long way from the formal, statesmanlike way in which Hollywood or the BBC have traditionally portrayed dialogues between world leaders. Hipster or hepcat, as used in the 1940s, referred to aficionados of Jump Blues and jazz, in particular bebop, which became popular in the early 1940s. The format of the Eckstine band, featuring vocalists and entertaining banter, would later be emulated by Gillespie and others leading bebop-oriented big bands in a style that might be termed "popular bebop". Kubik states: "Auditory inclinations were the African legacy in [Parker's] life, reconfirmed by the experience of the blues tonal system, a sound world at odds with the Western diatonic chord categories. write a report of no less than 125 words, telling which definition you think is . WebJazz is a kind of music in which improvisation is typically an important part. Around that same time, a move towards structural simplification of bebop occurred among musicians such as Horace Silver and Art Blakey, leading to the movement known as hard bop. He also began working with musical greats such as Fitzgerald, Earl Hines, Jimmy Dorsey and Parker around this time. World The 1939 recording of "Body and Soul" by Coleman Hawkins with a small band featured an extended saxophone solo with minimal reference to the theme that was unique in recorded jazz, and which would become characteristic of bebop. Bebop is a style of jazz that developed in the 1940s and is characterized by improvisation, fast tempos, rhythmic unpredictability, and harmonic complexity. Many zoot suiters would often wear a fedora or pork pie hat , color-coordinated with the suit. [15], As the 1930s turned to the 1940s, Parker went to New York as a featured player in the Jay McShann Orchestra. A tag is a license plate, or it can even mean to create graffiti, depending on the decade. Put the lint rollers away, we so arent talking about pesky pet hair here. Gillespie featured Gordon as a sideman in a session recorded on February 9, 1945 for the Guild label (Groovin' High, Blue 'n' Boogie). Given this level of popularity, its only natural that jazzmusicians have their own lingo. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The 'Hepster Dictionary' Was the First Dictionary Written By an African American", Kerouac, Jack. WebLooking to understand the history of American slang words? By 1945, the use of bebop/rebop as [3] Thelonious Monk claims that the original title "Bip Bop" for his composition "52nd Street Theme", was the origin of the name bebop. [citation needed], With the imminent demise of the big swing bands, bebop had become the dynamic focus of the jazz world, with a broad-based "progressive jazz" movement seeking to emulate and adapt its devices. Indeed, scat, or singing with meaningless syllables instead of words, using the voice to sound like a trumpet or saxophone, is closely associated with bebop, and notable practitioners of this vocal art were Dizzy Gillespie and Ella Fitzgerald. Much slang starts out as a kind of low-level guerrilla warfare directed at straight society, designed to keep out the squares, or annoy them, and is then abandoned by the originators once the words have become common currency. An early use of the word beatmaker can be found in 1977 in reference to percussionists, the OG beatmakers before synths and samples. One moose, two moose. Inwith the in crowd: secret languages can confuse, exclude or empower, TheWord Detective: A Life in Words; From Serendipity to Selfie review, Well, Ill be Theres a real science to cussing and blaspheming but beware. [citation needed], The kindred spirits developing the new music gravitated to sessions at Minton's Playhouse, where Monk and Clarke were in the house band, and Monroe's Uptown House, where Max Roach was in the house band. Here are some slang words your teen might use when talking about other people: Bae - "Before anyone else," babe, or baby; is used to describe a romantic partner or good friend. Barrelhouse music is the type of music played in one of these cabarets. Newsweek rounded off December with a cover feature declaring 1984 the year of the yuppie. Barrelhouse was the colloquial term for a cabaret in New Orleans where liquor was served. Bebop chord voicings often dispensed with the root and fifth tones, instead basing them on the leading intervals that defined the tonality of the chord. In a Popeye comic of 1960, the sailor closes down a beat club his father opened in his cellar, prompting the latter to object Popeye Dont Dig It and Hes Like Wasted. The hipster subculture adopted the lifestyle of the jazz musician, including some or all of the following features: dress, slang, use of cannabis and other recreational drugs, relaxed attitude, sarcastic humble or self-imposed poverty, and relaxed sexual mores. They would often deploy phrases over an odd number of bars and overlap their phrases across bar lines and across major harmonic cadences. [citation needed]. On February 16, 1944, Coleman Hawkins led a session including Dizzy Gillespie and Don Byas, with a rhythm section consisting of Clyde Hart (piano), Oscar Pettiford (bass) and Max Roach (drums) that recorded "Woody'n You" (Apollo 751), the first formal recording of bebop. Zoot suit was the popular style amongst Hepcats. Louis Armstrong. Gillespie's "Rebop Six" (with Parker on alto, Lucky Thompson on tenor, Al Haig on piano, Milt Jackson on vibes, Ray Brown on bass, and Stan Levey on drums) started an engagement in Los Angeles in December 1945. I called the book Straight From the Fridge, Dad, an adaptation of a slang phrase meaning cool that Id heard in that jewel among teenage exploitation films, Beat Girl (1960). Charlie Parkers nickname was Bird, shortened from Yardbird, which either referred to his fleet birdlike playing on the saxophone or a reported incident early in his career when he supposedly accidentally killed a chicken while driving a car when touring in the 1930s. The California image of casual, laid back suburbia was the perfect backdrop and breeding ground for cool jazz. Mailer described the hipsters as individuals "with a middle-class background (who) attempt to put down their whiteness and adopt what they believe is the carefree, spontaneous, cool lifestyle of Negro hipsters: their manner of speaking and language, their use of milder narcotics, their appreciation of jazz and the blues, and their supposed concern with the good orgasm. That understatement of harmonically sophisticated chords would soon be used by young musicians exploring the new musical language of bebop. In 2000, I published a book of words and phrases drawn from a lifetimes obsession with the language of vintage crime fiction, film noir, jazz, blues, hillbilly, rockabilly and rocknroll music. [citation needed], Drummers such as Kenny Clarke and Max Roach were extending the path set by Jo Jones, adding the ride cymbal to the high hat cymbal as a primary timekeeper and reserving the bass drum for accents. WebThe word beatnik is derived from the slang term "beat," which was popularized by Jack Kerouac after World War II. Is It Called Presidents Day Or Washingtons Birthday? You can often hear 1 in 1993. This was not the case in 2016 when the Britain Stronger in Europe campaign group headed by Conservative peer Lord Rose and partly bankrolled by a number of prominent hedge-fund managers attempted to persuade young people to vote in favour of remaining in the European Union by means of a much-derided, supposedly streetwise advert, complete with obligatory hashtag: WORKIN, LEARNIN, EARNIN, SHOPPIN, RAVIN, CHATTIN, ROAMIN, MAKIN, MEETIN, SHARIN, GOIN, LIVIN Make sure youre #VOTIN. Settled in habit; limited in mind.. British author and poet Lemn Sissay remarked that "Cab Calloway was taking ownership of language for a people who, just a few generations before, had their own languages taken away."[1]. Asked by: Arely Cormier. While small swing ensembles commonly functioned without a bassist, the new bop style required a bass in every small ensemble. The neo-bop movement of the 1980s and 1990s revived the influence of bebop, post-bop, and hard bop styles after the free jazz and fusion eras. [citation needed] The bebop musician or bopper became a stock character in jokes of the 1950s, overlapping with the beatnik.[8]. A father of bebop, he influenced generations of musicians, and sparked the fire of one of the most important and successful American artistic movements. [3] It appears again in a 1936 recording of "I'se a Muggin'" by Jack Teagarden. A new harmonic conception, using extended chord structures that led to unprecedented harmonic and melodic variety. The bebop subculture, defined as a non-conformist group expressing its values through musical communion, would echo in the attitude of the psychedelia-era hippies of the 1960s. Double V, Double-Time: Bebop's Politics of Style. This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 09:17. The saxophone is among the youngest of the wind instruments, dating to the 1840s, and blends the single-reed clarinet-style mouthpiece for producing musical vibrations with the louder projection of the brass construction of the trumpet or trombone. Tanner, Paul O. W. and Gerow, Maurice (1964). [10] However, bebop probably drew on many sources. Gillespie landed the first recording date with a major label for the new music, with the RCA Bluebird label recording Dizzy Gillespie And his Orchestra on February 22, 1946 (52nd Street Theme, A Night in Tunisia, Ol' Man Rebop, Anthropology). In the 1950s, it colloquially became defined as a stupid mistake when used outside of jazz. Sometimes improvisation included references to the original melody or to other well-known melodic lines ("quotes", "licks" or "riffs"). ", One young admirer of the Basie orchestra in Kansas City was a teenage alto saxophone player named Charlie Parker. [6] Toward the beginning of his poem Howl, the Jewish-American Beatnik poet Allen Ginsberg mentioned "angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly connection to the starry dynamo in the machinery of night". By the late 1930s, with the rise of swing, hep began to be used commonly in mainstream "square" culture, so by the 1940s hip rose in popularity among jazz musicians, to replace hep. It may be a slang term used by a very small regional group/social group/bunch of criminals - but not British. WebAnswer (1 of 8): Its not a British slang term. In 1944, pianist Harry Gibson modified hepcat to hipster[2] in his short glossary "For Characters Who Don't Dig Jive Talk", published in 1944 with the album Boogie Woogie In Blue, featuring the self-titled hit "Handsome Harry the Hipster". [4], Some researchers speculate that it was a term used by Charlie Christian because it sounded like something he hummed along with his playing. Historically,chops is thought to derive from chaps,which refers to the jaws on the side of ones face. Bird Lives!The High Life And Hard Times of Charlie (Yardbird) Parker, by Ross Russell, p. 89-92, Da Capo Press, 1996, 404 p. Bird Lives!The High Life And Hard Times of Charlie (Yardbird) Parker, by Ross Russell, p. 100-102, Da Capo Press, 1996, 404 p. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Jazz Fan Really Digs the Language All the Way Back to Its Origin", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10guXUWGGB4, Bebop for Guitar Scales, Vocabulary, and Chromaticism, Charlie Parker on Dial: The Complete Sessions, Bird: The Complete Charlie Parker on Verve, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bebop&oldid=1139473015, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from May 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Form Chord progressions for bebop compositions were often taken directly from popular swing-era compositions and reused with a new and more complex melody, forming new compositions (see contrafact). The Eckstine band was recorded on V-discs, which were broadcast over the Armed Forces Radio Network and gained popularity for the band showcasing the new bebop style. Jazzy, another form of this majorly versatile word, also indicates a certain flair or panache. The style made use of several relatively common chord progressions, such as blues (at base, I-IV-V, but infused with II-V motion) and 'rhythm changes' (I-VI-II-V, the chords to the 1930s pop standard "I Got Rhythm"). This unprecedented harmonic development which took place in bebop is often traced back to a transcendent moment experienced by Charlie Parker while performing "Cherokee" at Clark Monroe's Uptown House, New York, in early 1942. > kife * to steal. Hey daddy-o, ready to jam out on some hep slang words? Ultimately, bebop musicians practiced just about everything. In todays online information blizzard, billions of words are sent out into the fray in the hope of causing a Twitter storm, trending on Facebook or gaining countless plays on YouTube, alongside tap-dancing kittens and the latest celebrity wardrobe malfunction. He is known first and foremost as one of the principal innovators of the modern jazz idiom known as bebop and he was one of the greatest improvisors in jazz. My father, who grew up in the council estates of Slough during the second world war, knew slang words for most situations, good and bad, which I would hear regularly around the house as a child. a. The term refers fairly exclusively to the rhythmic section, and it means they are playing perfectly in sync with one another. Bum Rush the Show, this was very much the language of the street. Kubik, Gerhard. Web* Bebop musicians conveyed their feelings about social issues of the day in many different ways and one of those was through nonconformity, a refusal of all things conformist or mainstream, which comprised of a reaction against American racism and segregation. [16] Part of the atmosphere created at jams like the ones found at Minton's Playhouse was an air of exclusivity: the "regular" musicians would often reharmonize the standards, add complex rhythmic and phrasing devices into their melodies, or "heads", and play them at breakneck tempos in order to exclude those whom they considered outsiders or simply weaker players. Initially, hipsters were usually middle-class European American youths seeking to emulate the lifestyle of the largely African-American jazz musicians they followed. For instance, you might sayThe song that cat played was great until he hit that clinker. "About the Beat Generation", (1957), published as "Aftermath: The Philosophy of the Beat Generation" in, "Norman Mailer, "The White Negro," Fall 1957, reprinted in Dissent, Winter 2008", "The White Negro and the Negro White / In Phylon. Youre about to learn a whole new language: the language of jazz. Webblues, secular folk music created by African Americans in the early 20th century, originally in the South. Find and record a definition for dating from three different sources. Within days, riding the subsequent media storm, Miley had appeared alongside Justin Bieber, singing on a single by rapper Lil Twist. That opened up creative possibilities for harmonic improvisation such as tritone substitutions and use of diminished scale based improvised lines that could resolve to the key center in numerous and surprising ways. In a 1936 recording of `` I'se a Muggin ' '' by Jack Kerouac after World War II of. Exclusively to the jaws on the decade borrowing from swing, they bebop! 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