[117] The International Union for Conservation of Nature stated in a 1986 report that they include Easter Island in their definition of Oceania "on the basis of its Polynesian and biogeographic affinities even though it is politically apart", further noting that other oceanic islands administered by Latin American countries had been included in definitions of Oceania. Our client is actively searching for an Asso Professor/ Professor (Population Health Implementation Science) to join their team. Although disagreeing on details, scientists generally support a theory that calls for a Southeast Asian origin of island peoples. [256] There is a wide variety of native trees, adapted to all the various micro-climates in New Zealand. For Australia and New Zealand, 85% of the population lives in urban areas, while on the islands most people live in rural areas. The smallest continent in the world is Oceania,with just 9,008,458 km2of surface, of which 27,760 km are coastlines and 785,753 km2belong to New Guinea, considered the second largest island on theplanet. Their definition includes American Samoa, Australia and their external territories, the Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, French Polynesia, Fiji, Guam, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, the Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, and the United States Minor Outlying Islands (Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island). They were named by Krusenstern, after English explorer John Marshall, who visited them together with Thomas Gilbert in 1788, en route from Botany Bay to Canton (two ships of the First Fleet). There is also a presence of the Orthodox Church,Buddhism,Islamand the Hindi religion, especially in Fiji. [34] One study from 1884 describes Oceania as a continent, stating that South of the continent of Asia is found a large island nearly as large as the continent of Europe. "[144] It has been theorized that the indigenous Jmon people of the Japanese archipelago are related to Austronesians, along with the indigenous inhabitants of the Ryukyu Islands. 37 Million Which of the following is NOT one of the four dominant climate types for the Oceania / Pacific region? For the continent, see, "South West Pacific" redirects here. Vanuatu is widely recognised as one of the premier vacation destinations for scuba divers wishing to explore coral reefs of the South Pacific region. [29] John Eperjesi's 2005 book The Imperialist Imaginary: Visions of Asia and the Pacific in American Culture says that it has "been used by western cartographers since the mid-19th century to give order to the complexities of the Pacific area. PopulationPyramid.net Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100. Olney divided up Oceania into three groups; Australasia (which included Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand), Malesia and Polynesia (which included the combined islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia in his definition). [175][176] The UN further define the subregion as including Australia's Indian Ocean external territory Heard Island and McDonald Islands. "[93] Hutton Webster's 1919 book Medieval and Modern History also considered Oceania to encompass all islands in the Pacific, stating that, "the term Oceania, or Oceanica, in its widest sense applies to all the Pacific Islands." Despite centuries of European influence, Samoa maintains its historical customs, social and political systems, and language. "[86] In his 1876 book The Earth and Its Inhabitants: Oceanica, French geographer lise Reclus labelled Australia's flora as "one of the most characteristic on the globe", adding that "the Hawaiian archipelago also constitutes a separate vegetation zone; of all tropical insular groups it possesses the relatively largest number of endemic plants. Oceania Population. The campaign to take Samoa ended without bloodshed after over 1,000 New Zealanders landed on the German colony. the U.S.A. ranks number 3 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population. [218] On 24 September 1853, under orders from Napoleon III, Admiral Febvrier Despointes took formal possession of New Caledonia and Port-de-France (Nouma) was founded 25 June 1854. [130][131][132] He did not include the volcanic Kuril Islands and Ryukyu Islands, which similarly border both the Eurasian Plate and the Pacific Plate,[133][134] nor did he include the neighboring Kodiak archipelago in the North Pacific Ocean, which is firmly situated on the North American Plate. [387] New Zealand is identified as one of the world's most stable and well-governed states,[388][389] with high government transparency and among the lowest perceived levels of corruption.[390]. His expedition became the first recorded Europeans to have encountered its eastern coastline of Australia. [112][143] In its periphery, Oceania's islands would sprawl 28 degrees north to the Bonin Islands in the Northern Hemisphere, and 55 degrees south to Macquarie Island in the Southern Hemisphere. Todd defined the oceanic Bonin Islands as making up a Japanese language segment of Oceania, and excluded the main Japanese archipelago. In the 2013 book The Environments of the Poor in Southeast Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, Paul Bullen critiqued the definition of Oceania in Encyclopedia of Islands, and wrote that since Koppers included areas such as Vancouver Island, it is "not clear what the referents of 'Pacific Region', 'Oceania' or 'Pacific Islands' are." [380] The Australian Defence Force is by far the largest military force in Oceania. [11] The largest and most populous country in Oceania is Australia, and the largest city is Sydney. Due to external migration, the population increased by 214,649. Oceania's land surface forms 6.4 per cent of that of the earth, although by the end of the second millennium its inhabitants numbered only 31 million or 0.5 per cent of the world's population.. Spanning the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of 8,525,989 square kilometres . By 2000 about 12 million islanders lived in Oceania (excluding Australia), and many indigenous cultures were revolutionized by intensive contact with non-Oceanic groups who had intruded from various parts of the Western world. They are now often referred to as Maritime Southeast Asia, with Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore being founding members of the ASEAN regional organization for Southeast Asia in 1967 (Brunei and East Timor did not exist as independent nations at that point). Oceania population is comparable to 0.54% of the overall world population . Climate change and military assault threatened population growth among these agricultural settlements. [228], Oceania is one of eight terrestrial biogeographic realms, which constitute the major ecological regions of the planet. Tuvalu. Most Indigenous Australian tribal groups subsisted on a simple hunter-gatherer diet of native fauna and flora, otherwise called bush tucker. He also viewed Oceania as covering Australia, New Zealand, the Malay archipelago and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Number of followers estimated by Countrymeters Australian forces attacked German New Guinea in September 1914. Tourism New Zealand, the country's official tourism agency, is actively promoting the country as a destination worldwide. Oceania is a geographical area that comprises of Australia- the smallest continent in terms of the total land area and also comprises of thousands of islands across the central and south Pacific Ocean. Density (P/Km): (Population Density) Population per square Kilometer (Km). Less than 1% of the world's population inhabits the continent and almost half of its approximately 36.5 million inhabitants live on Australia's southeastern coast. In Kiribati, a Parliamentary regime, the President of Kiribati is the head of state and government, and of a multi-party system. [311] Traditional religions are often animist, and prevalent among traditional tribes is the belief in spirits (masalai in Tok Pisin) representing natural forces. Thelanguagesof Oceania are diverse, butthe most widely spoken are four: English, Tok Pisin, French and Fiji Hindi. Taon, Paul S.C. (2001). APT Satellite is a leading satellite operator in Asia-Pacific. There are six cities in Oceania with a population of more than one million inhabitants: Sydney (Australia): 5.3 million inhabitants Melbourne (Australia): 4 million inhabitants Brisbane (Australia): 2 million inhabitants Perth (Australia): 2 million inhabitants Auckland (New Zealand): 1.6 million inhabitants [150][151] In terms of marine fauna, Clipperton shares similarities with areas of the Pacific which are much farther removed from the Americas. The following series of short activities allows students to access a wealth of data on the world, regions, and individual countries, and develop their data literacy skills and knowledge of geography. [78] In 1887, the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland referred to Australia as the area's westernmost land,[79] while in 1870, British Reverend Alexander Mackay identified the Bonin Islands as its northernmost point, and Macquarie Island as its southernmost point. "[142] The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names (2017), by John Everett-Heath, states that Oceania is "a collective name for more than 10,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean" and that "it is generally accepted that Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the islands north of Japan (the Kurils and Aleutians) are excluded. The Ahmadiyya mosque in Marshall Islands is the only mosque in Micronesia. Cultural customs such as the Samoa 'ava ceremony are significant and solemn rituals at important occasions including the bestowal of matai chiefly titles. The continent of Oceaniacovers the territorial set of fourteen different countries, which are: Australia, New Zealand, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, the Marshall Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga , Tuvalu and Vanuatu. Styles such as slack-key guitar are well known worldwide, while Hawaiian-tinged music is a frequent part of Hollywood soundtracks. Oceania's largest export markets include Japan, China, the United States, India, South Korea and the European Union. Many of them have become true symbols of the continent. [211] Abel Tasman circumnavigated and landed on parts of the Australian continental coast and discovered Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), New Zealand in 1642, and Fiji. For example, in the Solomon Islands, English is the official language, but only 1-2% of the population can speak it fluently the majority speak an English creole, Solomons Pijin. Australia and New Zealand have diversifiedeconomies, with a strong presence in the area of services and the primary sector (production), since between the two countries they account for 40% of the worlds sheep. [194], Particularly along the north coast of New Guinea and in the islands north and east of New Guinea, the Austronesian people, who had migrated into the area somewhat more than 3,000 years ago, came into contact with these pre-existing populations of Papuan-speaking peoples. How many regions is Oceania divided into? Australia and New Zealand were grouped together by Flick as Australasia, and categorized as being in the same area of the world as the islands of Oceania. Main countries of Oceania With 24.8 million people the country of Australia makes up roughly 62 percent of the population of the continent of Oceania. A more common definition excludes the Ryukyu, Kuril, and Aleutian islands and the Japan archipelago. Earthquakes are common, though usually not severe, averaging 3,000 per year. [110][111] The book The World and Its Peoples: Australia, New Zealand, Oceania (1966) asserts that, "Japan, Taiwan, the Aleutian Islands, Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia [and] the Pacific archipelagos bordering upon the Far East Asian mainland are excluded from Oceania", and that "all the islands lying between Australia and the Americas, including Australia, are part of Oceania. International and domestic tourism contributes, in total, NZ$24 billion to New Zealand's economy every year. [291] Pohnpei of the Senyavin Islands in Micronesia is the wettest settlement in Oceania, and one of the wettest places on earth, with annual recorded rainfall exceeding 7,600mm (300in) each year in certain mountainous locations. At around the same time, art began to appear in New Guinea, including the earliest examples of sculpture in Oceania. Not so the rest of the countries, whichpresent marked political irregularityand frequent tensions between the dependent states and their most powerful guardians in Europe or Oceania itself. [64][123][321] There are also Creoles formed from the interaction of Malay or the colonial languages with indigenous languages, such as Tok Pisin, Bislama, Chavacano, various Malay trade and creole languages, Hawaiian Pidgin, Norfuk, and Pitkern. Almost 13,000 Portuguese immigrants had arrived by 1899; they also worked on the sugarcane plantations. [125][124] Hainan, which neighbors Taiwan, also has Austronesian ethnolinguistic origins, although it was not included in the book. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Oceania-region-Pacific-Ocean, Globalseurity.org - Oceania Military Guide, National Geographic - Australia and Oceania: Physical Geography, Oceania - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Oceania - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). "[127] For political reasons, Taiwan was a member of the Oceania Football Confederation during the 1970s and 1980s, rather than the Asian Football Confederation. Along with India most of Australasia lies on the Indo-Australian Plate with the latter occupying the Southern area. Conditions vary from extremely wet on the West Coast of the South Island to almost semi-arid in Central Otago and subtropical in Northland. Examples include Banaba (formerly Ocean Island) and Makatea in the Tuamotu group of French Polynesia. Approximately half of the population on these islands are European Australian mainlanders (with smaller numbers being European New Zealanders), while the other half are immigrants from China or the nearby Malay archipelago. Year: as of July 1 of the year indicated. The smallest and least populous dependency in Oceania is the New Zealand-controlled island of Tokelau, which has a land area of just 10 km 2, and a population of just over 1,300. New Caledonia, Hawaii, and French Polynesia are highly developed too but are not sovereign states. Around 40 million people live in Australia/Oceania, the smallest continent. Oceania has traditionally been divided into four parts: Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. [257], In Hawaii, one endemic plant, Brighamia, now requires hand-pollination because its natural pollinator is presumed to be extinct. Clipperton is not politically associated with the Americas, as is the case with other oceanic islands nearing the Americas, having had almost no interaction with the continent throughout its history. [67] The 1982 edition of the South Pacific Handbook, by David Stanley, groups Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, and Hawaii together under an "Anglonesia" category. "[106] The Japanese archipelago, the Malay archipelago and Taiwan and other islands near China are often deemed as a geological extension of Asia, since they do not have oceanic geology, instead being detached fragments of the Eurasian continent that were once physiologically connected. [210], In the quest for Terra Australis, Spanish explorations in the 17th century, such as the expedition led by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirs, sailed to Pitcairn and Vanuatu archipelagos, and sailed the Torres Strait between Australia and New Guinea, named after navigator Lus Vaz de Torres. Tuvaluan, Samoan, I-Kiribati (on the island of Nui) Vanuatu. [114][115][60] According to scientific journal PLOS One, the Humboldt Current helps create a biogeographic barrier between the marine fauna of these islands and South America. In 2005, the World Bank praised New Zealand as the most business-friendly country in the world. In addition, the series of sovereign island nations fringing Asia (Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, East Malaysia, the Republic of Indonesia) are not ordinarily considered to be part of the area. Afghanistan , Albania , Algeria , American Samoa , Andorra , Angola , Anguilla , Antigua and Barbuda , Argentina , Armenia , Aruba , Australia , Austria , Az. In 1842, Tahiti and Tahuata were declared a French protectorate, to allow Catholic missionaries to work undisturbed. Other non-tropical areas below the equator, such as Chilo Island, Macquarie Island, Tasmania, and the southern portions of mainland Australia and New Zealand, were not included in this category. Oceania was first explored by Europeans from the 16th century onward. The Pacific Games (formerly known as the South Pacific Games) is a multi-sport event, much like the Olympics on a much smaller scale, with participation exclusively from countries around the Pacific. [334] Chinese workers on Western trading ships settled in Hawaii starting in 1789. [368] In 2015, there were 7.4 million visitor arrivals. Oceania has traditionally been divided into four parts: Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The fa'a Samoa, or traditional Samoan way, remains a strong force in Samoan life and politics. [67] This is due to their location in the center of the Pacific, their biogeography and their oceanic geology. The Australia-New Zealand continental fragment of Gondwana split from the rest of Gondwana in the late Cretaceous time (9590 Ma). The capital of Papeet was founded in 1843. A company of Australians and a British warship besieged the Germans and their colonial subjects, ending with a German surrender. He noted the political significance of the Aleutian Islands, which were invaded by the Japanese military in World War II, and categorized New Zealand's Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Islands, Chatham Island and Kermadec Islands as being non-tropical islands of the South Pacific, along with Australia's Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. Fewer than 6.5 million in all, the peoples of Oceania possess a vast repository of cultural traditions and ecological adaptations. Sugar cane processing makes up one-third of industrial activity. The Japanese were turned back at the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Kokoda Track campaign before they were finally defeated in 1945. [258] The two species of Brighamia B. rockii and B. insignis are represented in the wild by around 120 individual plants. Islands in Indonesia's North Maluku and North Sulawesi regions are considered to border the open Pacific Ocean, with the rest of the Indonesian islands being located in marginal seas of the Pacific, or the Indian Ocean. In some islands of Chilean sovereignty, such as Easter Island, Spanish is spoken. The number of its inhabitants is approximately 34,300,000 (according to the 2010 census), a figure that is increasing due to the substantial difference in the birth rate (21%) and death rate (9%). Vocabulary. iii. New Zealand's economy is the 53rd-largest in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and 68th-largest in the world measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). Chart and table of Australia population from 1950 to 2023. [406][407] Multicultural immigration transformed Australian cuisine; post-World War II European migrants, particularly from the Mediterranean, helped to build a thriving Australian coffee culture, and the influence of Asian cultures has led to Australian variants of their staple foods, such as the Chinese-inspired dim sim and Chiko Roll. Due to industrialization and the strategically favourable location between Asia and America, more and more colonies have been founded in the last 200 years, bringing mainly Chinese, Indian and Filipino inhabitants to the region. Thehighest mountainon the continent is located in New Guinea and isMount Jaya at 4,884 meters above sea level. Hong Kong, partly located in another marginal sea of the Pacific (the South China Sea) was also included in his definition. Fishing provides a major industry for many of the smaller nations in the Pacific, although many fishing areas are exploited by other larger countries, namely Japan. In: Christidis, L., Boles, W., 2008. Many remain preliterate and, at the national or international level, the names of tribes and information about them is extremely hard to obtain. [408], The music of Hawaii includes traditional and popular styles, ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and hip hop. The current population of Oceania is 44,124,398 as of Friday, February 24, 2023, based on the latest United Nations estimates. "[45] Australia is a founding member of the Pacific Islands Forum in 1971, and at times has been interpreted as the largest Pacific island. [414] The New Zealand recording industry began to develop from 1940 onwards and many New Zealand musicians have obtained success in Britain and the United States. Nine countries have a growth rate above 1%. Find the Countries of Europe - No Outlines Minefield. 4.9 million), Brisbane (pop. [67] These tropical islands are situated within the bounds of the Australian Plate and have been geographically associated with Southeast Asia, due to their proximity to western Indonesia. 3. The three remaining ships, led by Magellan and his captains Duarte Barbosa and Joo Serro, then sailed north and caught the trade winds which carried them across the Pacific to the Philippines where Magellan was killed. Semiarid / steppe [347] It is classified as an Alpha+ World City by GaWC. [336] Puerto Rican immigration to Hawaii began in 1899 when Puerto Rico's sugar industry was devastated by two hurricanes, causing a worldwide shortage of sugar and a huge demand for sugar from Hawaii. [267], Native to Hawaii is the Hawaiian crow, which has been extinct in the wild since 2002. [245] Hawaii's tallest mountain Mauna Kea is 4,205m (13,796ft) above mean sea level. The subject matter typically carries themes of fertility or the supernatural. [404] Australia and New Zealand were responsible for the flat white coffee. [105], According to the 1998 book Encyclopedia of Earth and Physical Sciences, Oceania refers to Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, and more than 10,000 islands scattered across the Pacific Ocean. The country has been broadened by globalisation and immigration specifically from Oceania, Europe, and Asia. [453][454][455] Like Australia, the Micronesian dependent territories of Guam and Northern Mariana Islands currently compete in the AFC instead of the OFC. [89] His definition of Polynesia included both Easter Island and Hawaii, which had not yet been annexed by either Chile or the United States. For all other years: average annual numerical change over the preceding five year period. [128][129], Ian Todd's 1974 book Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama also defines oceanic Latin American islands as making up a Spanish language segment of Oceania, and included the Desventuradas Islands, Easter Island, the Galpagos Islands, Guadalupe Island, the Juan Fernndez Islands, the Revillagigedo Islands and Salas y Gmez. [215], In 1789, the mutiny on the Bounty against William Bligh led to several of the mutineers escaping the Royal Navy and settling on Pitcairn Islands, which later became a British colony. [459][460], Australians view sport as an important part of their cultural identity, and the country performs well on the international stage, despite having a relatively small population. Population of Oceania. [378][379] Within Australian political culture, the Coalition is considered centre-right and the Labor Party is considered centre-left. Oceania population is equivalent to 0.54% of the total world population. The islands are continental crust fragments thrusted away from Australia, caused by breakup of the eastern margin of Gondwanaland. If you are a dynamic individual seeking a new career opportunity, read further The Programme in Health Services and Systems Research (HSSR) at the Medical School in Singapore invites applications from outstanding candidates. [333], Hawaii is a majority-minority state. [103] The journal associated the term Oceania with the Melanesian, Micronesian and Polynesian subdivisions, but not with the Indonesian or non-tropical subdivisions. [397][398] The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906), the world's first feature length film, spurred a boom in Australian cinema during the silent film era. In a 1947 article on the formation of the South Pacific Commission for the Pacific Affairs journal, author Roy E. James stated the organization's scope encompassed all non-self governing islands below the equator to the east of Papua New Guinea (which itself was included in the scope and then known as Dutch New Guinea). [285][286] Snow falls in New Zealand's South Island and at higher altitudes in the North Island. Median Age: age that divides the population into two numerically equal groups: half of the people are older than the median age indicated and half are younger. [123] Cocos Island and Malpelo Island are the only landmasses located on the Cocos Plate, which is to the north of the Nazca Plate. According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the number of people is estimated to grow steadily and in 2100, the global population is estimated to be approximately. [207] They are believed to have been Polynesian. [229] There are 18 peaks of more than 3000 metres (9800ft) in the South Island. "[100] Ross further wrote, "and to this vast region the term Oceania has been applied. [384] The King is represented by the Governor-General, whom he appoints on the advice of the Prime Minister. Webster broke Oceania up into two subdivisions; the continental group, which included Australia, the Japanese archipelago, the Malay archipelago and Taiwan, and the oceanic group, which included New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. [279], The Pacific Islands are ruled by a tropical rainforest and tropical savanna climate. [67] The UN's definition of this subregion also includes Australia's Indian Ocean external territories of Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands. He went on to write that his preferred definition of Oceania emphasis islands with oceanic geology, stating that oceanic islands are, "islands with no past connections to a continental landmass" and that, "these boundaries encompass the Hawaiian and Bonin Islands in the north and Easter Island in the south, and the Palau Islands in the west to the Galpagos Islands in the east. Samoan male dances can be more snappy. The history of Hawaii's economy can be traced through a succession of dominant industries; sandalwood,[361] whaling,[362] sugarcane, pineapple, the military, tourism and education. In the late 20th century, some scholars theorized a long period of interaction, which resulted in many complex changes in genetics, languages, and culture among the peoples. The island states of Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Singapore and Taiwan, all located within the bounds of the Pacific or associated marginal seas, are excluded from the UN definition. The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the big islands simply to the east arrived more than 60,000 years ago. The South Pacific Commission. This is a growth of 150.0 percent in 61 years. To ensure these plants set seed, biologists rappel down 910-metre (3,000ft) cliffs to brush pollen onto their stigmas. Population: The population of the world is not evenly distributed among the continents. These islands lie on the Antarctic Plate and are also thought of as being in Antarctica or no region at all, due to their extreme geographical isolation. The Mori people constitute one of the major cultures of Polynesia. [114] Chile's government have occasionally considered them to be within Oceania along with Easter Island. Veronica is a culture reporter at CRGSOFT, where she writes about food, fitness, weird stuff on the internet, and, well, just about anything else. Religion, especially in Fiji ensure these plants set seed, biologists rappel 910-metre. 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