[177], Once these early stations reached the end of their functional life, they were usually demolished, although in some cases the sites have been retained and redeveloped as gas fired power stations. [115], The economic recession in the 1970s meant that there was a considerable contraction of heavy industrial sectors, reducing pollution loadings from factories and foundries. [56] In some areas, successive layers of peat were built up above the lacustrine deposits during the Holocene period, which created lowland mires such as the Thorne and Hatfield Moors. [57][84][85] Two days later, in the lower tidal reaches of the river, the peak of the flood combined with a high spring tide to flood villages and 2,000 properties in Gainsborough. A third Act of 1892 reverted the name to the Trent Navigation Company, and this time, some improvements were performed. The tipping point being the introduction of piped water and a basic sewer network, which meant that effluent, which was previously stored in cesspits, was carried away through drains into the nearest brook.[112][113]. 109. [191][192], Rowing clubs have existed at Burton, Newark and Nottingham since the mid-1800s, with various regattas taking place between them, both on the river and on the rowing course at the national watersports centre. The last bridge over the river is at Keadby where it is joined by both the Stainforth and Keadby Canal and the River Torne. [128] The improvements that have taken place mean that the Trent can be used for public water consumption. the polluted state of the Trent is a terror to Trentham. February27February 27, 2023. key towns of river bann. From its source in the Plynlimon Mountains in west Wales, the River Severn flows through the West Midlands counties of Shropshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire Wales (Powys) Llanidloes(165m above sea level) Caersws Newtown(103m above sea level) Welshpool(70m above sea level) England Shropshire Shrewsbury(county town and historic city) [41], The lower sequences of these terraces have been widely quarried for sand and gravel, and the extraction of these minerals continues to be an important industry in the Trent Valley, with some three million tonnes of aggregates being produced each year. A survey in 2003 showed a doubling in the number of sites where evidence, such as spraints and footprints of these elusive animals were found. The river now flows north-east below the Toot and Trent Hills before reaching Hazelford Ferry, Fiskerton and Farndon. Welsh rhyd, "ford") in various place names along the Trent, such as Hill Ridware, as well as the Old Englishderived ford. [54][57], At the other extreme, extended periods of low rainfall can also cause problems. Last Thursday, its senior eight were out rowing when Lord Paget leased the navigation and the wharf at Burton to George Hayne, while the wharf and warehouses at Wilden were leased by Leonard Fosbrooke, who held the ferry rights and was a business partner of Hayne. At 188 by 30 feet (57.3 by 9.1m), Cromwell lock could hold a tug and three barges, and was opened on 22 May 1911. Lichfield. In. The residents of the town wanted to increase the use of the branch nearest to them, and so an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1772 to authorise the work. The UK's third longest river, the Trent, touches the lives of more than six million people. During a following glaciation (Devensian, 70,000BC) the ice held back vast areas of water called Glacial Lake Humber in the current lower Trent basin. At Colwick near Nottingham, the average flow rises to 83.8m3/s (2,960cuft/s), due to the combined inputs of the other major tributaries namely the Dove, Derwent and Soar. The mighty River Trent is one of England's major rivers. In Nottingham the heights of significant historic floods from 1852 have been carved into a bridge abutment next to Trent Bridge, with flood marks being transferred from the medieval Hethbeth bridge that pre-dated the existing 19th-century crossing. Stone. [118], In the 17th century Izaak Walton described the River Trent as 'One of the finest rivers in the world and the most abounding with excellent salmon and all sorts of delicate fish. [49] Rainfall totals in the Tame are not as high as would be expected from the moderate relief, due to the rain shadow effect of the Welsh mountains to the west, reducing amounts to an average of 691mm (27.2in) for the tributary basin. [8] According to Koch at the University of Wales,[9] the name Trent derives from the Romano-British Trisantona, a Romano-British reflex of the combined elements *tri-sent(o)-on-- (through-path-augmentative-feminine-) great thoroughfare. Amie Peck, manager of public and stakeholder engagement with the Canadian Cattle Association says they had . The Nottingham and Gainsborough Railway offered 100 per share during 1845, but this was rejected. [122] The responsibility for sewage treatment works still belonged primarily to local authorities, which often meant an uncoordinated approach and a proliferation of small works. [36][37], Downstream of Armitage the solid geology is primarily Mercia Mudstones, the course of the river following the arc of these mudstones as they pass through the Midlands all the way to the Humber. Tolls decreased from 11,344 (equivalent to 1,060,000 in 2021),[93] during 1839 to 3,111 (equivalent to 310,000 in 2021),[93] in 1855. Underlying the upper reaches of the Trent, are formations of Millstone Grit and Carboniferous Coal Measures which include layers of sandstones, marls and coal seams. [98][99], Down river of Shardlow, the non-tidal river is navigable as far as the Cromwell Lock near Newark, except in Nottingham (Beeston Cut & Nottingham Canal) and just west of Nottingham, where there are two lengths of canal, Sawley and Cranfleet cuts. [11], Downstream of Nottingham it passes Radcliffe on Trent, Stoke Bardolph and Burton Joyce before reaching Gunthorpe with its bridge, lock and weir. [59], In terms of rainfall the Derwent receives the highest annual average rainfall, whereas the Devon, which has the lowest average rainfall is the driest catchment of those tabulated. A vestige of the saline marshes created by the brine springs that seep from the groundwater of the Mercia mudstones, the reserve contains salt tolerant species normally found on the coast, such as sea plantain, arrowgrass and milkwort. [69][70][71], In the lower tidal reaches the Trent has a high sediment load, this fine silt which is also known as warp', was used to improve the soil by a process known as warping, whereby river water was allowed to flood into adjacent fields through a series of warping drains, enabling the silt to settle out across the land. The Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom. River Trent, courtesy of Richard Croft Free guides for fun days out Looking for a perfect place to picnic, relax, think, run, walk your dog and more, all for free? Although not quite as large as 1795 this flood devastated many places along the river, at Burton upon Trent much of the town was inundated, with flooded streets and houses, and dead animals floating past in the flood. [5][6], The name "Trent" is possibly from a Romano-British word meaning "strongly flooding". [11], Downstream of Keadby the river progressively widens, passing Amcotts and Flixborough to reach Burton upon Stather and finally Trent Falls. The lower river occupies a peaty depression in the . The flood bank was subsequently strengthened and repaired, following further floods during 1824 and 1852. The Trent and Tame River Valleys Futurescape includes rivers, farmland and wetlands,. Menu. It flows through the most frequented national Park in the country - The Peak District. Downstream of the reservoir it passes through Stoke-on-Trent and merges with the Lyme, Fowlea and other brooks that drain the six towns of the Staffordshire Potteries to become the River Trent. [117] Angling clubs in Burton used the Dove or local lakes for fishing, as the Trent through the town was absent of any fish. Recorded at 1230hrs on 8 November 2000 highest discharge since 1 September 1958. Downstream of the town the villages are often named in pairs, representing the fact that they were once linked by a river ferry between the two settlements. With a course of 143 miles . As water quality improved from the 1960s onwards, fish numbers recovered, and recreational coarse fishing became more popular. In Nottingham a cart overturned in the floodwaters near the Wilford Road and six people drowned, dwellings nearby were flooded to a depth of 6 feet (1.8m). On the southern fringes of Stoke, it passes through the landscaped parkland of Trentham Gardens.[11]. Beneath the alluvium are widespread deposits of sand and gravel, which also occur as gravel terraces considerably above the height of the current river level. Jessop carried out a survey for a side cut and lock at Sawley in 1789, and it was built by 1793. Trento was founded, according to the classical savant Pliny the Elder and the geographer Strabo of Amaseia, by the Raetians, and it became a Roman colony and military base on the road north to the Reschen (Resia) and . [92], The first improvement of the lower river was at Newark, where the channel splits into two. [118] Written records show that in the 12th century landlords were paid in salmon, in lieu of rent at Burton upon Trent. Later, in 1699, the baron William Paget (Lord Paget), who owned coal mines and land in the area, obtained an Act of Parliament to extend navigation up to Fleetstones Bridge, Burton, despite opposition from the people of Nottingham. [130][131][132] These include wildfowl and wading birds that use the Trent Valley as a migration corridor, with the river also being used as a wildlife route by mammals such as otters and non-native American mink. [23][77], The largest known flood was the Candlemas flood of February 1795, which followed an eight-week period of harsh winter weather, rivers froze which that meant mills were unable to grind corn, and then followed a rapid thaw. It meanders almost 190 miles through this Futurescape, from the Tame in the heart of the Midlands to the Humber. In an attempt to improve the situation, the company toyed with the idea of cable-hauled steam tugs, but instead purchased a conventional steam dredger and some steam tugs. Cities and towns on or close to the river include: Prior to the mid-18th century there were few permanent crossings of the river with only four bridges downstream of the Tame confluence: the old medieval bridges at Burton, Swarkestone, Nottingham (known as Hethbeth Bridge) and Newark, all first built by 1204. [116][171], At Stapenhill near Burton, there were similar calls for a new bridge, a tally of usage showed that the foot ferry was being used 700 times per day. However, a more likely explanation may be that it was considered to be a river that could be crossed principally by means of fords, i.e. [43] Another notable find in a related terrace system near Derby from a warmer interglacial period, was the Allenton hippopotamus. Similar facilities were present in 1870 on the water meadows at Burton-on-Trent, which also had its own swimming club. And cuts me from the best of all my land In 2000 similar conditions occurred again, with above average rainfall in the autumn being followed by further rainfall, producing flood conditions in November of that year. The river channel links the remaining, but fragmented wetland areas and nature reserves, providing a refuge for native and migrant species. Newark was once an important inland port on the mighty River Trent. See how this river comes me cranking in, To the north of Farndon, beside the Staythorpe Power Station the river splits, with one arm passing Averham and Kelham, and the other arm, which is navigable, being joined by the Devon before passing through the market town of Newark-on-Trent and beneath the town's castle walls. [94], The arrival of the railways resulted in significant change for the company. [156] Competition from other fisheries such as well stocked ponds and lakes with better amenities and more consistent catches of fish also meant a reduction in the appeal of fishing the Trent. River Great Ouse. Efird Companies began in 1965 as the original developer of the Town of River Bend in . [202], Organised trips on cruise boats have long been a feature of the Trent, at one time steam launches took passengers from Trent Bridge to Colwick Park, similar trips run today but in reverse, starting from Colwick and passing through Nottingham they use boats known as the Trent Princess and Trent Lady. Not only do these provide baseflows to the major tributaries, the groundwater is an important source for public water supply. [147], Evidence of fishing along the Trent can be traced back to the Neolithic period, with the possible remnants of a fish weir discovered in the abandoned river channels at Hemington. Historic flood levels have also been recorded at Girton and on the churchyard wall at Collingham. As they were a source of income, they were recorded in the Domesday Book at a number of locations including Weston on Trent and Fiskerton, both of which were still in operation in the middle of the 20th century. The flood defences around Nottingham and Burton constructed during the 1950s, following the 1947 event, stopped any major urban flooding, but problems did occur in undefended areas such as Willington and Gunthorpe, and again at Girton where 19 houses were flooded. Whilst this is not unique for an English river, it does mean that there is an ongoing legacy of issues relating to urban runoff, pollution incidents, and effluent dilution from sewage treatment, industry and coal mining. Water level management is important in these lowland areas, and the local watercourses are usually maintained by internal drainage boards and their successors, with improved drainage being assisted by the use of pumping stations to lift water into embanked carrier rivers, which subsequently discharge into the Trent. [172][173], The toll bridges were mostly bought out by the county councils in the 19th century following government reforms, one of the earliest being Willington in 1898, the first toll free crossing was marked by a procession across the bridge and a day of celebration. Newark Navigation Commissioners were created, with powers to borrow money to fund the construction of two locks, and to charge tolls for boats using them. [87], The fifth largest flood recorded at Nottingham occurred in November 2000, with widespread flooding of low-lying land along the Trent valley, including many roads and railways. [13][14][15] At West Stockwith the Trent is joined by the Chesterfield Canal and the River Idle and soon after enters Lincolnshire fully, passing to the west of Scunthorpe. It was a Viking winter camp. [114], This was a particular problem in Stoke-on-Trent and the growing towns of the Potteries. These fording points only allowed passage across the river when water levels were low; when the river was in flood a long detour could be required. [177], In downstream order, the power stations that continue to use, or have used the river as their source of cooling water are: Meaford, Rugeley, Drakelow, Willington, Castle Donington, Ratcliffe-on-Soar, Wilford, Staythorpe, High Marnham, Cottam, West Burton and Keadby. Together these contain the majority of the 6 million people who live in the catchment.[29]. River Bann, Irish An Bhanna, river, the largest in Northern Ireland, falling into two distinct parts. [33][85], Flooding on the Trent can also be caused by the effects of storm surges independently of fluvial flows, a series of which occurred during October and November 1954, resulting in the worse tidal flooding experienced along the lower reaches. The largest of these is the River Tame, which contributes nearly a quarter of the total flow for the Trent, with the other significant tributaries being the Derwent at 18%, Soar 17%, the Dove 13%, and the Sow 8%. There were also negotiations with the London and North Eastern Railway, who were responsible for the Nottingham Canal between Trent Lock and Lenton. DETROIT (AP) Nissan is recalling more than 809,000 small SUVs in the U.S. and Canada because a key problem can cause the ignition to shut off while they're being driven. The central arches of the medieval Swarkestone bridge were knocked out by the great flood of 1795 and rebuilt, but the bridge's more rural location allowed large portions of the medieval bridge to survive and remain in use today. [125][144][145][146] Seals have been reported up to near the head of the tidal section at Newark. [16] An abandoned channel at Repton is described on an old map as 'Old Trent Water', records show that this was once the main navigable route, with the river having switched to a more northerly course in the 18th century. Facts about the River Trent 5: the native and migrant species. The flood defences in Nottingham that protect 16,000 homes and those in Burton where they prevent 7,000 properties from flooding were reassessed after this flood, and were subsequently improved between 2006 and 2012.[84][88]. Downstream, the inflow of cleaner water from the Dove and then the Derwent meant that conditions improved enough to allow recreational coarse fishing in the lower reaches. [80] The vulnerable flood bank at Spalford was breached again, floodwaters spreading out across the low-lying land, even reaching the River Witham and flooding Lincoln. Later improvements such as the series of purification lakes that were constructed on the Tame in the 1980s, which allowed contaminated sediment to settle out from the river, also reduced pollution levels, and lessened the impact of first flush runoff events in the lower Tame and the middle Trent. The last act of the directors was to pay a 7.5 per cent dividend on the shares in 1950. Towns Stone, Rugeley, Burton upon Trent, Newark-on-Trent, Gainsborough Physical characteristics Source - location Biddulph Moor, Staffordshire, England - coordinates 530658N020825W / 53.11611N 2.14028W / 53.11611; -2 - elevation 275 m (902 ft) Mouth - location Trent Falls, Humber Estuary, Lincolnshire, England - coordinates [59][66], The Trent has marked variations in discharge, with long term average monthly flows at Colwick fluctuating from 45m3/s (1,600cuft/s) in July during the summer, and increasing to 151m3/s (5,300cuft/s) in January. However, for practical purposes, navigation above the southern terminus of the Trent and Mersey Canal (at Shardlow) is conducted on the canal, rather than on the river itself. The medieval bridges of Burton and Nottingham survived relatively intact until the 1860s, when both were replaced and demolished. [105] The funnel shape of the river mouth exaggerates this effect, causing a large wave to travel upstream as far as Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, and sometimes beyond. The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in the past often caused the river to change course. [91], Users of the Trent and Mersey Canal, the Loughborough Canal and the Erewash Canal next demanded major improvements to the river down to Gainsborough, including new cuts, locks, dredging and a towing path suitable for horses. [174][175] Further north at Littleborough is the site of the Roman town of Segelocum, where a Roman road once crossed the river. More specifically, the name may be a contraction of two Romano-British words, tros ("over") and hynt ("way"). key towns of river bann. Most of the town belongs to the historic county of Staffordshire, but the neighbourhoods on the east bank of the Trent lie in the . key towns of river banniridescent telecaster pickguard. Some of the earliest floods can be assessed by using Spalford bank as a substitute measure for the size of a particular flood, as it has been estimated that the bank only failed when flows were greater than 1,000m3/s (35,000cuft/s), the bank was also breached in 1403 and 1795. [100][101] [26] This took place in 1593 so would have been a contemporary topic in the Shakespearean period. [29][30], A distinctive feature of the catchment is the marked variation in the topography and character of the landscape, which varies from the upland moorland headwaters of the Dark Peak, where the highest point of the catchment is the Kinder Scout plateau at 634 metres (2,080ft); through to the intensively farmed and drained flat fenland areas that exist alongside the lower tidal reaches, where ground levels can equal sea level. The river passes through Stoke-on-Trent, Stone, Rugeley, Burton upon Trent and Nottingham before joining the River Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary, which empties into the North Sea between Hull in Yorkshire and Immingham in Lincolnshire. It also incorporates the iconic Howden, Derwent and Ladybower Reservoirs. Due to the size of the flood and the ice entrained in the flow, nearly every bridge along the Trent was badly damaged or washed away. In 1683 the same bridge was partially destroyed by a flood that also meant the loss of the bridge at Newark. Domestic effluent and polluting discharges from the metal working industries in the upper reaches, combined to affect the whole length of the tributary River Tame. [125][129], Artificial changes along the Trent, due to navigation, farming, mineral extraction and drainage works, mean that much of the riparian landscape has been altered, reducing the amount of natural habitat. John Jennings MP for Burton-upon-Trent, 1956. [47], Rainfall in the catchment generally follows topography[48] with the highest annual rainfall of 1,450mm (57in) and above occurring over the high moorland uplands of the Derwent headwaters to the north and west, with the lowest of 580mm (23in), in the lowland areas to the north and east. There were corresponding increases in dissolved oxygen, an indicator of a healthy river environment. [11], At Shardlow, where the Trent and Mersey Canal begins, the river also meets the Derwent at Derwent Mouth. Flows measured at Nottingham were exceptionally low by the end of August, and were given a drought return period of greater than one hundred years. [91] Eventually in 1805, they reached an agreement with Henshall & Co., the leading canal carriers, for the closure of the river above Wilden Ferry. Traffic increased from 620,000 tonnes during 1951 to 1,017,356 tonnes during 1964, but all of this was below Nottingham. During the 1950s, however, the same problem of effluent dilution that occurred in Stoke began to become significant in Birmingham and the Black Country. Archaeologists have recently discovered phenomenal site in Torksey, on the north bank of the River Trent, that has yielded tens of thousands of metal finds over the years. The upper Bann rises in the Mourne Mountains and flows northwest to Lough (lake) Neagh. [138][139][140][141], The Trent valley also links together other SSSI and local nature reserves, which have varying habitats not only for birds, but also mammals, insects and fish, a good example is the tributary River Mease where the entire watercourse has been designated both as a SSSI and a European special area of conservation. The use of a maritime pilot on the Trent is not compulsory for commercial craft, but is suggested for those without any experience of the river. oregon rainfall totals 2021 / tatum ranch golf membership cost / key towns of river bann. The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in past times often caused the river to . [18][19] Researchers using aerial photographs and historical maps have identified many of these palaeochannel features, a well-documented example being the meander cutoff at Sawley. These consisted of V shaped alignments of stakes; wattle panels and a large wicker trap and demonstrate that passive fishing techniques were in use on the river. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=River_Trent&oldid=1132366164, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 14:59. The Newark Navigation Commissioners financed improvements to Newark Town lock at the same time, and dredging of the channel was largely funded by selling the 400,000 tonnes of gravel removed from the river bed. This led to increased investment, the closure of older and smaller works, with sewage treatment being combined at larger modern works such as Strongford and Minworth. The river flows in a southerly direction for fifty miles before reaching it's estuary on the Hamoaze, situated on Plymouth Sound in the English Channel. Raising finance was difficult, but some was subscribed by the chairman and vice-chairman, and construction of Cromwell Lock began in 1908. 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