If you feel so inclined, donations or subscriptions are appreciated and will be used to support the site. Numerous English versions, including the King James Version, translate it as "screech owl," while more modern translations like the New International Version give the much more vague "night creatures." While poets are often regarded with scepticism, Sumerian studies are currently enjoying real benefits as a result of literary research. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/658/the-queen-of-the-night/. If memory serves right, the years of BC were categorized that way after the advent of AD years. Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled, Descending the Seven Gates of the Underworld: All about Inanna, a Devotion. The lilitu and the so-called ardat lili demons were especially dangerous to men whom they would seduce and destroy. One possible reference to a Lilith-like monster can be found in the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, in which she is a spirit haunting a tree growing in the garden of the goddess Inanna. She is slender, well-shaped, beautiful and nude, with wings and owl-feet. LEB has this as Lilith, in the sense of the night-hag or demon: And desert creatures shall meet with hyenas, and a goat-demon shall call to his neighbor; surely there Lilith shall repose, and she shall find a resting place for herself. Lamashtu, the goddess and demon of the deaths of the young and the balancing of the human population, and the only deity in the Sumerian pantheon who did not answer to any other divine authority, did not have a temple. So as a pagan who has been reading some sumerian mythology and such (i've restarted my path), I just find it a rather odd that people think Lilith is Ishtar, from a historical standpoint. But . The New World Encyclopedia says the following: "Babylonian texts depict Lilith as the prostitute of the goddess Ishtar [no source given]. Fear of demons and the undead has stalked humanity since prehistory. Prior to the legends assembled by such works as the Ben Sirah, Lilith would likely have been seen primarily as a winged demon who prowls desolate and wild areas. In the tradition of rabbinic Judaism, however, the belief became increasingly common that the two stories were not repetitions of each other, but rather that they were two separate events featuring two different women: the first, a woman made from clay just as man was named Lilith, and the second, a woman made from man's rib named Eve. Something I always found rather curious in my study and following of Lilith, is the mythology surrounding the hand of Inanna, and being a prostitute as a form of recruitment. If Lilith was indeed a goddess or a single entity back then, she wouldn't really have any iconography as her followers would be small. Whatever they had achieved in life, the only sentence was death, pronounced by Ereshkigal (44). Mark, Joshua J.. "The Queen of the Night." Yeah, there's a closer alignment energetically between Ereshkigal and Lilith as faces of the dark divine feminine than Inanna and . I don't have any academic or historical texts to reference, but I know I definitely have read of Aphrodite and Inanna being synchronous goddesses, as well as Inanna and Lilith. Cite This Work That is evidence that old Sumerian beliefs and folk legends were eventually adapted to create Istahar/'Asterah - and subsequently, Lilith. Her wings, bird talons and owls show that Inanna is pictured in her aspect of Owl goddess and goddess of harlots. The demoness could be held at bay, however, by magical amulets inscribed with the names of the three angels sent to capture her. Who the winged woman is, however, has not been agreed upon though scholars generally believe her to be either Inanna (Ishtar), Lilith, or Ereshkigal. Both of them may be a paradox of elements, but they share similar characteristics such as sex and war. One of the most dangerous adversaries to man, however, is also thought to be the most beautiful woman ever created - Lilith. Though the concept of vampires as we think of them is a relatively modern and European idea that has evolved over the years thanks to folklore, literature, movies, and other pop culture, nevertheless the blood-drinking winged first wife of Adam has perhaps inevitably come to be associated with vampires. There is no way to know what the piece was originally called or what purpose it was created for. Many deities share similarities, does not mean they are one and the same. Inanna retrieves the tree, takes it to Uruk, and cares for it. Babyloniacas liturgy mentions that Ardat Lili seems to be a wanderer. If you're the type of person to enjoy spooky media, whether that's movies, TV, books, comics, or video games, there's a chance you might have encountered the figure of Lilith. There are many Goddesses of love, war, etc. Amulets found in Arslan Tash in northwest Syria dating from the seventh century B.C. It would not be the first time an academic with a chip on their shoulder, as Langdon clearly has, decided to shoe-horned something into their thesis, whether it fit the facts or not. In an old Sumerian story Lilith is the antagonist to Inanna. The reasons why are obvious in both cases. She is a lunar goddess, believed to be embodied in the morning and evening stars. Ereshkigal is famously depicted in the poem Inanna's Descent to the Underworld as naked: No linen was spread over her body. Sometimes there are no simple answers to these questions, and often the answer would be yes and no at the same time - in my experiences, there is rarely a 1:1/identity overlap between certain demons and deities, however, they may have been worshipped as the same being, some of their aspects or spheres of influence may be identical or they seem to be in sync with the same people. Inanna, however, got the MEs for top Lord, Council membership and Venus namesake and displaced Lilith. In the former, prostitution is seen as sinful, and often used as a way of slandering a woman. On her head she wears a cap embellished by several pairs of horns. From her perfect nakedness, to her crown, to her standing on lions, to the owl wings, it just screams Ishtar. Since timber was scarce in southern Mesopotamia, it was not used lightly for firing clay objects. It does supposedly mention a lilu demon, which are male incubus. There are multiple possible origin stories for Lilith's own character, but one of the most popular stories seems to be that she was the first wife of Adam. Ishtar (Ishhara, Irnini, Inanna, Anunit, Astarte, Atarsamain, Esther, Aster, Apru-dit, and Manat) is the Assyro-Babylonian goddess of sex, war and political power, and is arguably the most important mother goddess of Mesopotamia. I definitely didnt pin a line between Inanna/Ishtar and Liliths concepts to Christian concepts as you put it. Red goddess of war and blood, Astarte was the patron of the ancient city of Tartessos, as Athena was that of Athens. Long before the final version of the Lilith story congealed in the Alphabet of Ben Sirah, Lilith could be found in magical inscriptions on bowls and amulets meant to drive away the demoness from as early as the sixth century A.D. Euphrates River, Inanna lovingly tends a willow (huluppu) tree, the wood of which she hopes to fashion into a throne and bed for herself. Inanna would be the goddess in keeping with a plaque encouraging fertility as she presided over love and sex (and also war) but there are a number of problems with this identification. Hebraic tradition said Adam married Lilith because he grew tired of mating with animals, a common custom of Middle-Eastern . Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. It still looks the same as it did when I met her in the forest. Lilith is a demon, not a goddess, and although there is some association of the Lilith demon with owls, they are not the same kind of owls that appear on the relief. Structure will get even better with 90min blinds and I'm pretty solid at that stack depth. Not only is the woman winged but her legs taper to bird talons (which seem to grip the lion's backs) and she is shown with a dew claw on her calves. The footnote for [2] reads: This demon was called lilitu by the Semites, a word derived from the Sumerian root lil, and passed into Aramaic and Hebrew erroneously derived from night. For a discussions of the word see Babylonian Liturgies, p. 15., So at this point we have abandoned all pretense of any direct mention of Lilith in any of these supposed Sumerian texts, or even whether they are Sumerian at all. The evil she threatened, especially against children and women in childbirth . Many first encounter Lilith in her starring role in an often-cited yet little-understood passage in The Alphabet of Ben Sira, which places her as the first wife of Adam in the garden of Eden. I have said before that the Qliphothic-Goetic deity Astarte, and that the Venus-attributed deities Inanna, Ishtar, Isis, and Athtar are aspects of the same deity. Ishtar takes after Anu as a Goddess of the sky. One of the villains is Lilith: "Inanna . Most places that state Lilith as the hand of Inanna and/or a prostitute, if they give any source at all, generally refer either to the New World Encyclopedia, or to Hurwitz. Even with my limited Sumerian skills, I doubt this translation would stand up to criticism using todays knowledge of the language. Press J to jump to the feed. Such demons, both male and female, appear in Assyrian, Sumerian, and Babylonian literature. Thank you! A special shout-out, however, should be reserved for the 1922 Moffatt Translation and the 1950 Knox Bible, which both just straight up translate it as "vampires." Yahweh could govern the Hybrids, she said, through Noah-Ziasudra and Ziasudra's male descendants. Lilith is the most notorious demon in Jewish tradition. Yeah, theres a closer alignment energetically between Ereshkigal and Lilith as faces of the dark divine feminine than Inanna and Lilith, and theyre still not the same entity. He persuaded his friends Sir Henry Rawlinson and Jules Oppert to join him in preparing separate translations of the same text. All of the iconography of the Queen of the Night plaque seems to indicate the deity represented is Ereshkigal but, as Dr. Collon states, no definite connection with Ereshkigal can be made as she has no known iconography: her association with death made her an unpopular subject (45). When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. The Mesopotamian Goddess: Isthar (Inanna-Ishtar) Mesopotamia is the oldest known civilization that emerged in history, therefore, we can almost call Ishtar as the mother of all Goddesses in West-Eurasia and Europe. At least, not all of them. They cranked up sex magick in a way and at a rate that was bonkers by todays standards. Evidently this is no longer a lowly she-demon, but a goddess who tames wild beasts and, as shown by the owls on the reliefs, rules by night. As for worship I believe theres a thread of information about Ishtar here: You have to look at Chronology, which is crucial here. 1556332. With no known iconography of Ereshkigal to compare the Queen of the Night with, the identity of the Queen remains a mystery. Lilith refuses and continues to live in the wild as a demoness, a mother of monsters, and an assailant of children. Moving forward, the source [1] is Babyloniaca, iv. Inanna going into the Underworld and bringing back knowledge to assist others is the very same as Lilith leaving the garden of Eden. This is why Lilith is also called the hand of Inanna., Ah, theres that misattributed quote. But Eve wasn't the first wife or the first woman. 188 i. The validity of such sources is up in the air. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. That said, I can see why Aphrodite and Lilith could be considered as the same or related beings, and even more so assuming that Naamah is an aspect or an avatar of Lilith (which she may as well not be, as she is often mentioned as a sister or a daughter to Lilith). In her hands she holds a ring and rod combination. Im Zusammenhang mit der Erzhlung Inanna und der Hulupubaum ist die Gttin Lildu (Lilith) in dem Stamm des Weidenbaumes wohnend dargestellt. Under multiple names, she has reigned over Europe, North Africa and Middle East since the second millennium BC. That all seems to be fair. In astrology Lilith generally refers to a sensitive point which marks the lunar apogee. Stephen Trombley on the study of language and ancient texts. World History Encyclopedia. How the plaque arrived in London is also unknown, but it was in the possession of a Syrian antiquities dealer before coming to the attention of Sydney Burney. It was the . This power animal is from time immemorial a symbol of prudence and wisdom. My passions are the same as yours. The figure of Lilith seems to have been informed by various Mesopotamian monsters that can be found as far back as the seventh century B.C. I prefer to look at the originals, to get a fuller picture, whenever I can, though admittedly, the material is fragmented. She can be used a modern symbol of female empowerment, much in the same way her maiden Lilith is used by feminists. The validity of such sources is up in the air. Year concepts aside, I think it makes sense in a common sense kind of way. This woman was Lilith and she immediately flew out to the sea to have demon babies. there existed a Sumerian goddess called Inanna, whose name literally means Queen of Heaven.She was known to have been the most venerated, worshipped and respected of the original four - sometimes believed to be seven- Sumerian divinities that from the heavens came to create and civilize us. Lilith means "the night," and she embodies the emotional and spiritual aspects of darkness: terror, sensuality, and unbridled freedom. Hello! Sumerian pantheonAkkadian groupBabylon groupMakes me wonder if the story is the same across the board or if there is differences with the way Babylonians see Ishtar and Akkadians see Inanna. Turning Lilith into a slutty seductress has Inanna, sex . The Dark Moon Lilith is not a physical object like asteroid Lilith, and nor it is a calculated celestial point like Black Moon Lilith; the Dark Moon Lilith is a hypothetical - but as of yet, unproven - secondary satellite to the Earth gliding somewhere beyond the Moon, hidden in a dust cloud. This postulation is a belief of S. Conolly which is supported by my coven gnosis. But it actually has a far more interesting origin. In some sources, she is conceived of as the original woman, created even before Eve, and she is often presented as a thief of newborn infants. Submitted by Joshua J. In all likelihood, Lilith is simply incidental in this story: she was feared by both Sumerians and Semites, and so connecting her to Inanna was simply an efficient way of accomplishing the goal of smearing the temple. Apr 30, 2019. Lilith: The First Woman and First Feminist. Its a very similar story to Eden. Ive tried approaching it from different angles and I cant fault the logic. There are several manifestations of Astarte/Ishtar in the Syria and Mesopotamia temples: Asherah is the mother goddess (wife of El) in the Canaanite pantheon, Anat was a youthful war-goddess; Ashtoreth was a . In other words, why the collision of name change? The Burney Relief: Inanna, Ishtar, or Lilith? I believe Lilith was transitioned to Israel when Yahweh was given Israel as his domain by El and the Israelites transitioned to monotheism. The archetype of the "evil wife" that Lilith represents informed the choice of naming Frasier Crane's cold, somewhat shrewish wife (and later ex-wife) Lilith Sternin. But partly, lets be honest, it was because it was a lot harder for people to source-check a claim back then than it is now, and that creates more leeway. Lilith is a female Demon of the night and Succubus who flies about searching for newborn children to kidnap or strangle and sleeping men to seduce in order to produce Demon children. distinguished as Eve, the identity of the first woman, created from the same dust as Adam, remained in question. These amulets are mentioned in the Ben Sirah, and in fact, the story probably exists to give a more religious justification for the otherwise pretty superstition-and-magic-heavy amulets. God drove the demons off with a cloud and he gave Adam a soul, at which point a female formed, joined at his side. We care about our planet! [Updated 8/23/2022: Thank you to a reader for pointing out some oversights to me.]. I don't have any academic or historical texts to reference, but I know I definitely have read of Aphrodite and Inanna being synchronous goddesses, as well as Inanna and Lilith. Figurines of nude women impressed from a pottery or stone mould first appear at the beginning of the second millennium BCIt is very unlikely that they represent a universal mother goddess, although they may have been intended to promote fertility. If any of these are true, some of y'all might need to check on your kids real quick. License. Ishtar is just the Akkadian form of Inanna that's all. Buy Online AccessBuy Print & Archive Subscription. Perhaps, like her matron, she wandered without a temple, independent of the larger cosmic order. Perhaps the biggest influence on the Jewish mythology, however, would be the Assyrian demons Lilu, Lilit, and Ardat Lilit, the second of which is the specific name most influencing Jewish ideas of Lilith. Perhaps this is where they initially found their opening for the prostitute story. Ishtar is just the Akkadian form of Inanna thats all. If that's the case, it might surprise you to learn that the word "Lilith" only appears once in the Bible, and it has nothing whatsoever to do with Adam or Eve. According to this version, when God created Adam, his body was without a soul, and a thousand evil spirits tried to attach themselves to him. (Okay, yes, they lived outdoors, but you get it.) Well, carrying swiftly on then. Mark has lived in Greece and Germany and traveled through Egypt. And Lilith smashed her home and fled to the wild, uninhabited places. Lilith specifically tells Adam that she wants to lie on top when they get all fruitful and multiplicative. Im under the impression that Ishtar is more likely to be a fragment of Lilith. He encourages men and women to see Lilith and Eve as the same person. But what you might not know is where she came from. Therefore, she had no abode on the mortal plane. Inanna by Sumerians, Ishtar by the Babylonians, Ashtart by the Assyrians, Isis by the Egyptians; Ashtaroth by the Phoenicians. The headdress and the rod-and-ring symbols would fit with Inanna, as would the necklace, but not the wings or the talon-feet and dew claw. . Despite being a figure that does not appear at all in the canonical Bible and that only arises from folklore, tradition, and foreign mythology, Lilith has enjoyed great success as a character in various forms of popular culture. Inanna influences fertility and was invoked for ancient mating rituals. Her breasts were uncovered. The word Lilit seems to be the feminine version of Lilu, an Akkadian word which is related to the word "Alu," or demon. Female children were considered at Lilith's mercy for 20 days. The relevant segment of Babyloniaca ii is unfortunately in German, of which I know a little, but certainly not an academic amount. From the trunk of the tree he carved a throne for his holy sister. This has definitely gone well for humans as a society.). Whereas Lilith has no mention of being linked to Anu or a child of Anu. After drying, the plaque was removed from the mould, the details were carved into the leather-hard clay and the surface was smoothed. states why the Lilith identification is a probability: Rafael Patai (The Hebrew Goddess 3rd ed. The oldest indication that living people feared unholy resurrection may be a site in Jordan, where prehistoric villagers enigmatically dismembered the dead 9,000 years ago. It is worth mentioning most of the original source translations are somewhere between 100 to 150 years old. 4 Likes. And in the esoteric world, plagued with sex abuse cults as it is, having a narrative that provides an easy excuse for initiating young girls by coercing them into sex seems like something that certain orders would be quite interested in latching onto. The original color traces may still be detected on the piece today even though they have largely worn away over the centuries. This makes no sense of course. The Queen of the Night ReconstructionTrustees of the British Museum (Copyright), The relief was made of clay with chaff added to bind the material and prevent cracking. (Literal fire, not metaphorical fire.). Like when she was raped. But Fox Talbot's belief in physics led him to suspect 'literary' knowledge. This seems to fit much better with the text provided, if we insist on drawing conclusions based on incomplete information. The fact that the piece has survived for over 3000 years attests to its having been buried fairly early after the building which housed it fell or was abandoned because it was thereby protected from the elements and from vandalism. If you're the kind of person to be easily tempted by a line like that, here are some things you might not know about Lilith, the alluring mother of demons. While this word might be unfamiliar to most people, it should make absolute sense to those familiar with Greco-Roman mythology and folklore. Most of the pantheons are connected by similar parentage, and by that I mean a lot of the void primordial gods such as Tiamat, Khaos, Nun, Abzu, etc know one another as well. Adam and his conjoined, literal soulmate came to life and God sawed them in two. Lilith and Ishtar are different beings, Lilith is a dark energy entity, and Ishtar is more of a light/sky Goddess. In either tradition, the lilitu was not a popular enough figure to have been portrayed on a plaque such as the Queen of the Night. Forms and content of worship varied. (This is almost certainly not true "lullaby" is probably related to the word "lull" and ultimately onomatopoetic in origin but it's pretty fun to think about.). She seduces men at night and causes you know, dreams from which she becomes pregnant, only to murder these children. . She was also celebrated in Egypt following the importation of Levantine cults there. If she was warded off from a human child by an amulet, she would be forced to expend her bloodlust on one of her own children. He was mightily pleased to discover that they were sufficiently similar to justify his continued interest. Ask them both and see. In all the great centres Inanna and then Ishtar had her temples: E-anna, "house of An," in Uruk; E-makh, "great house," in . She stands erect on two reclining lions which are turned away from each other and are flanked by owls. The piece is presently part of the collection of the British Museum, Room 56, in London. But it also means that ancient Sumerian scholarship back then was much poorer than it is now. World History Encyclopedia. In numerous modern pieces of culture, including Marvel Comics, the 1996 movie Bordello of Blood, and Season 5 of True Blood, Lilith is depicted as a vampire queen, and even as the first vampire or the mother of all vampires. [12] As the "hand of Inanna", Lilith was notorious for bringing men from the street and fields of war to Inanna's temple for holy sexual rites, in which the . The male demons of this sort, the lilu, preyed on women and were an especial threat to those who were pregnant or had just given birth and also to infants. According to Ben Sirah, when God said that it's not good for man to be alone, he made a woman named Lilith out of the dust, just as he had done Adam, making her his equal. 1. Lilith is a major figure in Jewish Demonology, appearing as early as 700 B.C.E. It was at this time that the piece known as the Burney Relief came to be called `The Queen of the Night' due to the dark black pigment of the plaque's original background and the iconography (the downward pointing wings, the talon feet etc.) Her sigil also depicts important points of the human soul, as can be seen from the Venus glyph with the inverted cross symbolizing the all-important solar chakra and the pillars of the soul on each . Inanna's plans are nearly thwarted, however, when a dastardly triumvirate possesses the tree. I just read the stories and noticed the similarities and my mind took a route all its own. Personally I dont think the time humans mentioned these beings matter, more of the beings actual parentage, Lilith does have a place in Mesopotamia as the consort of Enki. She is, for example, a major player in The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina, where she is arguably the main antagonist, the mother of demons, and Satan's very jealous concubine. 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