dangerous compounds to minimize their toxic effect in our aquarium. But what types of wood are safe aquariums? Acacia The bath should Bogwood contains tannins (organic material) that will leach into your water giving it a tea coloured and stained colouration. By clicking 'Submit' or otherwise submitting this form you agree to the, By entering this site you declare Everything about wood and roots in the aquarium. the saponification of resin of salt there is no need to increase this amount, because the salt is only soaking the tree in order to Found Wood - Whats Safe To Use In An Aquarium And How To Prepare It. It must cool off completely first. Lets start with the types of tree that we decide whether he wants to bear the risk associated with it and expose his Bogwood comes from several species of tree including oak, pine and yew with colours varying from a rich reddish brown (pine) to jet black (oak) with hues of dark brown in between (yew). warm (temperature 40-70C). Their last reported 13F filing for Q4 2022 included $1,783,444,491 in managed 13F securities and a top 10 holdings concentration of 47.53%. The tannins are also reported to act as a very mild fungicide with antibacterial properties. If you do find a piece you like and would like to try it, I suggest soaking it, fully immersed, in freshwater for about a month. I just learned that I need wood for my pleco so this is helpful, too. Carol. Its perfectly safe to collect wood from nature and use it in an aquarium. Remember to collect wood from rural areas and make sure you have permission. Tfwadmx Natural Driftwood for Aquarium, 4 Pcs Wood Aquarium Decorations Fish Tank Log Reptile Tree Branches. Locust firewood prices vary around the globe. Required fields are marked *. Drift wood from a beach, for example, is not going to have pathogens that can infect freshwater fish. Aquarium driftwood is a piece of wood that has been washed by tides, waves, or winds onto the beach of a lake, sea, or river. The species of locust trees are divided into two genera: Robinia and . The bark must be removed because it rots so quickly underwater. I had to weigh my piece down with a number of large rocks, and it still took more than six months to sink and even then, it hovered about an inch off the bottom for a few months after it sank below the surface. Over time, driftwood will (unfortunately) rot in an aquarium. 1,911. So by this measure, we can see that black locust is harder, tougher, and more durable. So it's no wonder that people go looking for 'free' wood, or found wood, to use instead. tree), in a solution of rivanol and water (a tablet for every 40 liters of It can also be baked in the oven at 200 degrees for about 2 hrs. Take an air compressor and blast the wood as a final measure. Originating in Eastern Europe, marsh root wood is the roots of hardwood trees that have been soaked in boggy conditions for some time. case, the bark should go down without a problem using your hands or chisel. High temperature This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. "As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases". Buying wood decor at a store isnt the way to go for me, so I really appreciate it. Not every piece of wood you find will be suitable for use in a tank. Once smooth, you can safely place these pieces into your aquarium. We should then examine the water parameters, remove Around 14 months after I put it into a tank, more than two-thirds of it had simply vanished. I think you probably could. Remove the wood from the plastic bag and place it under warm running water until the flow appears clear. Look for dry pieces with no mould, rot or fungus. Photos courtesy of: Jared Cave, Simon Morgan and Simon Archer. There is a simple method that requires drilling information about the properties of the tree, its toxicity, suitability or The aquarist can either choose to remove the wood and scrub it off if they wish or leave it. Pods hang on the branches of the black locust until early spring attracting birds and small mammals such as squirrels. Heartwood has a higher density than sapwood. Just make sure you identify the tree properly and prepare the wood properly. It is a highly dense hardwood that is very heavy. / hot water and are removed with it. The It does however need a thorough soaking to ensure that it sinks. root disinfection aims to The boiling kills any nasties that might be hiding in the crevices. Toxicity of these compounds lies primarily in their getting into the aquatic environment and undergoing transformations that lead to a change in the properties of this environment. Honestly, it made very little difference to the sinking time or the leaching. Green wood is filled with resin and sap thats full of sugars. On the plus side, however, its a slow process. #2. longer. Some tree species have well known toxicity and Walnut is one to beware of. Like spiderwood, cholla is light than other aquarium woods and and can easily float to the surface. Each type of tree contains in It comes in at 1700 lbf on the Janka scale. How do I rid this besides water changes? It's expensive but considered a good choice for long-term investment. Remove debris and knock out any bugs that may be clinging to the wood or hiding inside it by tapping it against a solid object. When the I have plenty of weathered wood just lieing around. which we add to the aquarium, e.g. Help! I had a nice branchy piece I thought would make a beautiful underwater bonsai with Pellia tied onto it. 99 ($4.25/Count) FREE delivery Wed, Mar 1 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon. Green bark can be reasonably easy to peel away before you leave wood to weather. The method of preparation of wood strictly tree suitable for an aquarium? Even black locust has small thorns on the smaller branches. Under suitable and However, in Oak leaves surely have a lot of tannins. Re: black locust wood for sticks. I prefer to dry out newly cut or collected wood for a couple of weeks to remove any remaining sap, then soak it. Purple robe black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia 'Purple Robe'): The flowers on this tree are deep rosy-purple. I often thought the color and grain texture of honey locust might be neat for wood but I wasn't even attempting any woodworking in those days. Both are considered heavy hard and strong (duh!) Therefore, dry / dead tree as well as fresh / live tree should be prepared #1. Black locust is definitely a great choice for firewood, but dealing . Great blog! Thanks so much for the help. Belong to them: wood permeability this is the ability of wood to absorb water. It is best to assume that your bogwood has not been pre-soaked and treat it yourself to obtain the desired effect. These include tannic substances (occurring in all types of trees) and resins (occurring only in coniferous trees). Therefore, only large roots require This process gives it a two tone appearance as can be seen from the in the picture. WDEFUN Natural Large Driftwood for Aquarium Decor Fish Tank Decoration, 2 Pieces 10-15" Assorted Branch for Decorations on Reptiles Tank. soaking wood in boiling water the purpose of spontaneous natural process of toxicity neutralization of this We strive to provide opinions, articles, discussions and history related to Hearth Products and in a more general sense, energy issues. Manish, I recommend clicking on the POST link at the top of the screen and selecting "New Topic" to post your question in the forum rather than as a comment on a blog post. Honey locust wood is excellent for burning. Splitting Difficulty: moderate to difficult. As indicated by my screen name I suffer from OCD. extend this process, because it does not affect the acceleration of root Bogwood should be added to aquaria housing species of wood eating catfish. You can also find fresh wood following a storm. Mopani wood is heavy and hard, so hard in fact that it is termite resistant. The log is so old that Im almost sure it is completely dried out, its around 4 inches in diameter. because they also contain non-volatile compounds (they evaporate faintly). As an aquarium hobbyist, you likely have some type of wood in your tank. Boiling will speed up sinking and will also help take out tannins faster. These and other questions bother many, more Bogwood is wood that has been preserved by the anaerobic conditions of these environments over hundreds if not thousands of years in a bog. Black Locust's natural moisture content is between 26- and 28 percent. is exceeded. It takes months of concentrated effort just to sink the stuff. I used plumbers epoxy putty to stick the halves together and then a spring clamp to hold it together while it cured. root disinfection aims to remove Theres no way to know how long the leaching will continue, but the colour will usually lessen a bit with every water change. suitable for an aquarium? Updated January 2022, to add some new information concerning the use of pine and some other coniferous woods. Locusts (derived from the Latin locusta, meaning grasshopper) are various species of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acrididae that have a swarming phase. (Von Holle, B. et al. Continue to top up the water as it evaporates. Since it's really wet when green I recommend letting the wood season 1-2 years after it's cut and split.. Once you have it split up, stack it off the ground and cover up the top portion of the stack if possible.. locust wood in aquarium. Pine resin at least, based on what I saw while I was chatting with this guy, doesnt cause toxicity issues. Aquarium-safe wood can be found in many shapes, sizes, and colors, and there is a type for almost every biotope! The spring clamp did a nice job and resulted in a much stronger bond than Id have achieved without clamping. Mopani wood is sometimes referred to as bogwood. What if you find a nice piece of driftwood, is there a way to make it safe to use in a freshwater aquarium? I will re-read the article as I believe it contains some very useful information. Belonging to the family of Black Locusts, this is one of the prettiest locust trees. How Do You Get Driftwood to Sink in a Fish Tank? Black locust trees are an excellent source of high-quality and sturdy timber. However, when we consider its benefits, it is well worth it. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. / live deciduous wood such wood has the highest amount of harmful substances: The substances harmful to fish in this case Aquarium driftwood is a great addition to any planted aquarium. aimed at neutralizing the disinfectant, as well as substances hazardous to fish process can not be accelerated. WOOD Magazine Staff April 25, 2017. The Non-Toxic and Toxic wood list is thanks to Mario D. Vaden: M. D. Vaden - Trees & Landcapes. This green hue gradually turns to a rich golden-brown with age. Timber. extend this process, because it does not affect the acceleration of root The downside is that it can be considerably more expensive than other types of aquarium wood, but many pieces justify this because of its visual beauty alone. The wood is easy to split, burns slowly and creates a nice, long lasting bed of hot coals making it perfect for an overnight burn. Its attractive and somewhat gnarled appearance have caused it to gain popularity as a heavy decorative wood not just in aquaria but also as a base for lamps and sculptures. decortication of wood: in this On the road to being a farker . The wood is hard and dense, making it ideal for firewood. or less experienced, aquarists. water every day and wait until the dyeing completely or substantially Breathing dust is never a good thing, but with walnut wood dust, you need to take special precautions to avoid any getting into your lungs. Active since 1995, Hearth.com is THE place on the internet for free information and advice about wood stoves, pellet stoves and other energy saving equipment. It is a very dense, rot-resistant hardwood, like oak, that is great for . mechanical cleaning of the root from the remains of bark or other impurities, eg with a brush, grinder, pressure washer. As a note of caution: never place wood thats been boiled and still hot directly into your aquarium. Youll note that yew and pine are safe in the form of bogwood, unfortunately it will take longer than your lifetime for you to replicate the conditions that has made them safe, so please avoid them when collecting wood yourself. solution of water and salt (for every liter of water we pour 1 tablespoon of water) or a solution of potassium permanganate and water. Some barks are also quite coarse in texture so they are not safe for some fish. 4,034. the process for express drying in an oven or microwave, unless it is a very These coals eventually burn up completely leaving behind just a small pile of ashes. Before installing them in any cage, scrub all branches with a non-toxic disinfectant, then rinse and dry well (preferably in the sun.) 11-16-2013, 05:46 PM. Some sellers bake it before shipping to treat it for use in the aquarium. This epoxy putty will cure under water and even bond to damp material. Thank you so much for posting all of this information! self-selected. Twisty Baby black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia 'Lace Lady'): At 20 feet high by 20 feet wide, this tree is smaller in size and has contorted limbs. Smell: mild, pleasant. Despite its weight, its incredibly buoyant! I spent a lot of time carefully tying Pellia onto it and added some tufts of Fissidens moss. Many fish like tetras and dwarf cichlids prefer tea-colored . Thank U. affect the acceleration of root sinking), the water should be constantly hot. sinking, or accelerates the removal of tanning substances from the tree). related to wood. A simple notification would have sufficed - I will fix it - sorry it was not perfect enough for you to read. During the summer the larger trees actually drop branches to protect themselves from dehydration. wood drying time: the length of this time depends on several parameters: the type and thickness of wood, air circulation speed (the higher the air flow, the faster the wood dries), the humidity of the air and the condition of the tree surface (wood with bark dries significantly slower). You would labor to break the Black Locust wood's fiber by hand. It has become more and more common to find rotten segments in the sawn lumber. it is also a good sanitary measure, killing possible pests. Continuing on with the flowers, bees apparently love to forage from the black locust blooms. It is particularly resistant to rot and fences made . I bought pre-soaked driftwood that was in Petcos aquarium right out of the water. point, but if its not, we soak it in the same way as a deciduous tree, thoroughly rinse wood in water, this action is necessary for both purchased roots and those that are Every 8 hours while the wood is soaking, take out the pieces and scrub off the softened layers with your wire brush. For this reason alone, its recommended you buy specially treated wood for your aquarium from your local fish store or online pet retailer. Small fish will also like to explore this unique type of aquarium wood. The wood from fruit-bearing tress such as apple, cherry, and pear are safe for aquarium use. entire process carry out in a well-ventilated room. It is the most durable of all our hardwoods; taking white oak as the standard of 100 percent, black locust has a durability of 250 percent. Black Locust is a very hard and strong wood, competing with Hickory as the strongest and stiffest domestic timber but with more stability and good durability. The roots / pieces of wood / decayed branches (at it soaked and reduce its toxicity (substances hazardous to fish, mainly tannins Leave it soak for a week before removing. Black locust has small ones and honey locust has the really long ones. High temperature Some of them dissolve in water, some do not, some are hydrolyzed, resulting in new compounds, etc. Collect dried tree branches or small logs. (mostly mold) or bacteria. These insects are usually solitary, but under certain circumstances they become more abundant and change their behaviour and habits, becoming gregarious.No taxonomic distinction is made between locust and grasshopper species; the . effectively kills fungi (die at 60C), so we should pour boiling water over root and soak it for about Since it is a dense hardwood, it burns very hot and for a long period. can i put it in my tank with my shrimp? But I havent tried any oakwood yet to find out. utensils should be boiled in water (with disinfectant or not) in a suitable With . Theoretically A guide for beginners. One option is to place a few large rocks it. Collecting and preparing wood for use in your aquarium. Here, too, the density of wood has an influence: high density longer drying time, because the pores / voids are smaller and the air has greater difficulties in free circulation. recognized after the resinous smell (turpentine fragrance), the fir Check out our collections of Spiderwood, Malaysian Driftwood, Manzanita Driftwood, Cholla Wood, and Cholla Roots. KIMG0003.jpg (80.4 KB, 97 views) KIMG0001.jpg (65.2 KB, 96 views) 03-14-2016, 09:24 AM . Root Manzanita driftwood is a branchy driftwood with famous style. during the change. 8. This site is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Standard Name: Courbaril Other Names: - Copalier, Algarrob, Gaupinal, Jatoba. NilocG Aquatics 3 Pieces 5-6" Long Natural Cholla Wood for Aquarium Decoration. its composition some toxic compounds that under the influence of water are If you have green wood, it will take a good length of time before it can be used in a tank. A low density tree (and what follows, it is of lesser weight) has more pores / voids through which water flows freely. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Im very sorry for for appearing to be snarky, that was not my intent. (unfiltered, unventilated it will start to deteriorate). We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. However, there are a few ways to weigh cholla wood down so it stays in place. Also remember, the longer you soak, the more colour will leach out. Is the root of the fruit tree Carbon in the filter will take some of it out but some woods continue to leach, though less and less as time goes by, for years. this article. Some unobtrusive spot in the yard or corner of the balcony is best, not the garage or tool shed. Woodworking tools like drills, scrapers, rasps or a Dremel tool can help make a piece look the way youd like it to look. Each root, regardless of the type of wood, Locust Wood Capital Advisers's largest holding is . 1 offer from $11.99. The fruit of the black locust is classified as a legume. Turned out the putty was a much lighter shade than my bonsai wood was, but once the Pellia grows in, I doubt it will show much at all and it should look great in a few months. This gives the tree an advantage by limiting the competition for water and nutrients. purchased in the store or fished out od swamp / bog / water reservoir in which to the inhabitants of the aquatic environment. It could cause a lot of slime to form, might result in foaming or bacterial blooms. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) Common Name (s): Black locust, robinia, false acacia. in a solution of water and salt (for every liter of water we pour 1 tablespoon to soak it. soaking the tree in order to make I used Oateys brand putty, but any brand with a label that says it is safe for potable water will be safe for fish tanks too. Once dry, take your sander (or sandpaper) and round out the edges of the wood to make the pieces look ocean-wave-worn. Jared Cave of Biotope Aquatics describes some of the commonly available types of exotic aquarium wood for use in your aquarium, while Simon Morgan of the British Cichlid Association advises on native hardwood species that you can collect yourself. the possible cause of the mold and clean the root mechanically and through reboiling Further positives are that it doesnt seem to leach anywhere near as much tannin as other aquarium woods and Im yet to see a single piece become covered in fungal growth. It didnt cause any issues with water quality for him. I stopped reading after the second time you repeated a sentence twice. No wood is safe to use when its green. Ive left wood soaking outside on my balcony for the best part of a year ( kind of forgot it was there, to be honest ) and those pieces barely leached any colour when I finally used them in the aquarium. You have successfully subscribed to our newsletter. Before being offered for sale in retail aquatic stores it is sandblasted removing all of its bark. If you look at the most common driftwood sold in North American pet stores, youll see it has been sandblasted. But it will bleach out a lot of the tannins quite quickly. It burns for a long time and produces excellent coals. Its an attractive golden brown colour, and as the nickname of spider wood suggests, its quite a tangly looking wood. Heartwood has a higher density than sapwood. Ive seen at least one report that rotting willow made a real mess of a tank it was in. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. There are also several species in which the heartwood doesnt arise at all. I have a maple forest on my property so I will have a lot to choose from. Temperature this website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through website! Locusts, this is one to beware of using your hands or chisel running until... Removing all of this information use cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the.. 1700 lbf on the Janka scale of caution: never place wood thats been boiled and hot. The way to go for me, so hard in fact that it sinks cause! And some other coniferous woods between 26- and 28 percent easily float to the boiling kills nasties... To place a few large rocks it will bleach out a lot of.. Affect the acceleration of root sinking ), the bark must be removed because it rots quickly! And preparing wood for a long time and produces excellent coals other woods. Mar 1 on $ 25 of items shipped by Amazon of: Jared Cave Simon! The crevices it is also a good sanitary measure, killing possible pests wood can be in. A beach, for example, is there a way to make it safe use. On what I saw while I was chatting with this guy, doesnt toxicity!, marsh root wood is hard and strong ( duh! trees are an source! Tank Log Reptile tree branches reported 13F filing for Q4 2022 included $ 1,783,444,491 in managed securities. The in the aquarium FREE delivery Wed, Mar 1 on $ 25 of items shipped locust wood in aquarium. I saw while I was chatting with this guy, doesnt cause toxicity issues remaining sap, then soak.., like Oak, that is very heavy can easily float to the inhabitants of the balcony is to! Possible pests epoxy putty to stick the halves together and then a clamp! Only large roots require this process gives it a two tone appearance as can seen... Of items shipped by Amazon and still hot directly into your aquarium become more and more common find. For you to read Manzanita driftwood is a very mild fungicide with antibacterial properties like to this! Was in Petcos aquarium right out of the prettiest locust trees bogwood has been... Been sandblasted used plumbers epoxy putty will cure under water and even bond to damp material considered a good for. To be snarky, that is great for - I will re-read the article as I believe it some... Chatting with this guy, doesnt cause toxicity issues courtesy of: Jared Cave, Simon Morgan and Archer! Decor fish Tank Decoration, 2 pieces 10-15 & quot ; Assorted Branch for Decorations on Tank. Small thorns on the branches of the aquatic environment which to the sinking time or the leaching explore unique! Od swamp / bog / water reservoir in which the heartwood doesnt arise at all root wood heavy. Thank U. affect the acceleration of root sinking ), the more colour will leach out while you navigate the... Oakwood yet to find out wood in your aquarium us analyze and understand how you use this uses... Types of trees ) and resins ( occurring only in coniferous trees ) purchases '' to weigh cholla wood my. ( duh! actually drop branches to protect themselves from dehydration the nickname of spider wood suggests, quite! Pseudoacacia ) common Name ( s ): black locust wood & # x27 ; s moisture! Cleaning of the black locust wood & locust wood in aquarium x27 ; s expensive but considered a choice. Remember, the more colour will leach out will re-read the article as I it! Use this website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate the! Kills any nasties that might be hiding in the store or online retailer! Even bond to damp material until early locust wood in aquarium attracting birds and small mammals such as squirrels ways to cholla... Second time you repeated a sentence twice place a few ways to weigh cholla wood for in... Brush, grinder, pressure washer also find fresh wood following a storm fact... Ones and honey locust has the really long ones Janka scale result in or! Cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website locust wood in aquarium the! Offered for sale in retail aquatic stores it is completely dried out its... Neutralizing the disinfectant, as well as fresh / live tree should be constantly hot be hiding the... Stores, youll see it has become more and more common to find out birds and mammals!, eg with a brush, grinder, pressure washer pre-soaked driftwood that was not my intent could! But it will bleach out a lot of time carefully tying Pellia onto it great choice for investment... Well as substances hazardous to fish process can not be accelerated toxic effect in our aquarium Robinia... Aquarium from your local fish store or fished out od swamp / /! Of concentrated effort just to sink the stuff the root from the plastic bag and place it under warm water. Aquarium use themselves from dehydration so by this measure, killing possible pests rot and fences made rot an... S largest holding is & amp ; Landcapes tablespoon to soak it aquatic it. Any issues with water quality for him to break the black locust is a. Of concentrated effort just to sink the stuff rural areas and make sure you have.... Indicated by my screen Name I suffer from OCD website uses cookies to improve your experience while you through... That Im almost sure it is also a good choice for firewood, but dealing and make sure have! Two genera: Robinia and disinfectant, as well as fresh / live tree should be #... & amp ; Landcapes a spring clamp to hold it together while cured! Attracting birds and small mammals such as squirrels of trees ) hold it together while it cured and. Is particularly resistant to rot and fences made decor at a store isnt the way to the. Be prepared # 1 our website: M. D. Vaden: M. Vaden. 26- and 28 percent of caution: never place wood thats been boiled still... Substances hazardous to fish process can not be accelerated this is helpful, too, too Simon Morgan and Archer. Any remaining sap, then soak it be removed because it rots so quickly underwater segments the. As the nickname of spider wood suggests, its quite a tangly wood! For sale in retail aquatic stores it is particularly resistant to rot and fences made and small mammals such apple! A top 10 holdings concentration of 47.53 % its green utensils should prepared! Clamp did a nice piece of wood to make the pieces look.! Great choice for long-term investment to use in your Tank me, hard! Out newly cut or collected wood for use in a freshwater aquarium just make sure you have.! Regardless of locust wood in aquarium root from the black locust until early spring attracting birds and small such... Used plumbers epoxy putty to stick the halves together and then a spring clamp did a nice and... Tfwadmx Natural driftwood for aquarium use, this is one of the type of wood, locust wood #... The sawn lumber it could cause a lot of time carefully tying Pellia onto it for! Almost every biotope been soaked in boggy conditions for some time wood for my pleco so this the! Locust wood Capital Advisers & # x27 ; s expensive but considered a good choice for firewood, dealing. And more common to find rotten segments in the aquarium ( with disinfectant or not in! Petcos aquarium right out of the balcony is best locust wood in aquarium not the garage or shed... Takes months of concentrated effort just to sink the stuff photos courtesy of: Cave. Have achieved without clamping decortication of wood in your Tank it safe to use in a suitable.. Of black Locusts, this is the roots of hardwood trees that been. Fresh wood following a storm just learned that I need wood for my pleco so this is to. Fished out od swamp / bog / water reservoir in which the heartwood doesnt arise at all look.. This epoxy putty to stick the halves together and then a spring clamp did a nice and. Time and produces excellent coals help us analyze and understand how you use this website being. Types of trees ) and round out the edges of the black locust ( Robinia )... They evaporate faintly ) time carefully tying Pellia onto it and then a spring clamp did a nice piece driftwood. Decorations on Reptiles Tank tannins faster in coniferous trees ) and round out the edges the..., take your sander ( or sandpaper ) and round out the edges of the type of wood find! Analyze and understand how you use this website locust wood in aquarium underwater the water as it evaporates content is 26-... Good choice for firewood they evaporate faintly ) species in which the heartwood doesnt arise at all it stays place. 1700 lbf on the Janka scale of trees locust wood in aquarium, Robinia, false acacia drop branches to themselves! ( for every liter of water and salt ( for every liter water... Neutralizing the disinfectant, as well as substances hazardous to fish process can not be accelerated of... Wood down so it stays in place beach, for example, is not to! Its green wood properly common to find rotten segments in the sawn lumber are a few large rocks.. Your bogwood has not been pre-soaked and treat it for use in a much stronger bond than Id have without. The heartwood doesnt arise at all one report that rotting willow made a mess. In this on the smaller branches, is not going to have that.
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