1 maccabees summary shmoop1 maccabees summary shmoop

3 And they laid hands on them, and put them in hold unto the next day: for it was now eventide. They will not live a lie. In the town of Modein, the priest Mattathias finds the situation intolerable. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. Simon follows Jonathan as the next Jewish leader "in place of Judas and your brother Jonathan",[34] taking on civil, military and liturgical roles: "great high priest, governor, and leader of the Jews". In any case, the name later came to be used for Judah's brothers as as a family name, as well as to each of the books of "Maccabee. This was a village twenty miles northwest of Jerusalem. And they tore in pieces the books of the law which they found, and set them on fire. Corrections? VERSE 6. the Torah. 1 and 2 Maccabees reflect on this question in slightly different ways. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. 1 Maccabees 1. In February 135, however, he is assassinated at the instigation of his son-in-law Ptolemy. He forbids observance of the sabbath and the offering of sacrifices at the Temple. First and Second Maccabees help us to realize that God watches over his own, and they show that Israel always wins victory over its enemies when it stays true to the Covenant. And they got possession of the strong cities in the land of Egypt; and he took the spoils of Egypt. The surviving Greek script has Hebraisms and Hebrew idioms. The two Books of Maccabees contain independent accounts of events (in part identical) that accompanied the attempted suppression of Judaism in Palestine in the second century B.C. Every bridegroom took up lamentation, she that sat in the marriage chamber was in heaviness. VERSE 59. Greece. 1 Maccabees describes the response of one family to these events. Other texts lay stress on the intercession of the saints and the value of prayers for the dead (12:43-46), which are the basis of the dogma of the communion of saints. VERSE 1. Pope Damasus I's Council of Rome in 382, if the Gelasian Decree is correctly associated with it, issued a biblical canon identical with the list given at Trent including the two books of Maccabees. his heart was lifted up. The historical integrity of the book, which was compiled from official written sources, oral tradition, and eyewitness reporting, is attested to by the absence of almost all of the conventions of the Hellenistic rhetorical school of historiography and by its uncritical use by the later Jewish historian Flavius Josephus. 12:1-23). This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. The book covers the whole of the revolt, from 175 to 134 B.C.E., emphasizing how the salvation of the Jewish people in this crisis came through the family of a zealous priest named Mattathias, particularly his sons, Judas Maccabeus, Jonathan, and Simon, and his grandson, John Hyrcanus. [ a] 2 He had five sons: John, who was called Gaddi; 3 Simon, who was called Thassi; 4 Judas, who was called Maccabeus; 5 Eleazar, who was called Avaran; and Jonathan, who was called . 2 He undertook many campaigns, gained possession of many fortresses, and put the local kings to death. This text explicitly states that there is an interim stage where souls are purified and that they can be helped by suffrages offered by the living. And they stored up arms and food, and gathering together the spoils of Jerusalem, they laid them up there, and they became a sore snare: VERSE 36. and it became a place to lie in wait in against the sanctuary, and an evil adversary to Israel continually. His severest condemnation goes, not to the Seleucid politicians, but to the lawless apostates among his own people, adversaries of Judas and his brothers, who are models of faith and loyalty. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 19:13. Read more . It was included in standard printed Christian Bibles in the deuterocanon section. Reading time: Around 4 hours for both books or 2 hours for one. I Maccabees is the only contemporary source for the civil wars in Judaea, and the only surviving one for Judaean-Syrian relations after the reign of Antiochus IV. In general, its chronology coheres with that of I Maccabees. The kingdom began to decline under Ptolemy IV Philopator, who was a bad administrator and led a dissolute life. First Maccabees was written about 100 B.C., in Hebrew, but the original has not come down to us. VERSE 60. The second book is even more important from the doctrinal point of view. [41] The book dismisses a defeat suffered by other commanders named Joseph and Azariah as because "they did not listen to Judas and his brothers. Werner Kappler[de] published a critical edition of the Greek text in 1936, an eclectic compilation of the various surviving manuscripts and the best construction of the original text. St. Augustine wrote in The City of God that they were preserved for their accounts of the martyrs. And it was the chief propaganda instrument of those non-practicing Jews who were trying to introduce Gentile customs into Israel. The author is unknown. It later became a title given to the rebels as a whole around the 3rd-5th century AD, hence the Septuagint naming the works as books of the Maccabees. [27], In chapter 8, Judas seeks an alliance with the Roman Republic, aiming to remove the Greeks. It is not in the Codex Vaticanus. The rabbinical sages of this period had learned from experience that revolt against the Gentiles (in this case the Romans) brought disaster. VERSE 16. he shall die. VERSE 24. On his journey, the son Tobias meets Sarah, who is afflicted by a demon. The sacred writers purpose is to build up the morale of the Jews. Finally, after Matthathias dies, his son Judas succeeds in liberating the Temple precincts and reconsecrating the Temple itself in 165 B.C.E. It is accepted in the Catholic and Orthodox canons. There are seven poetic sections in the book that imitate the style of classical Hebrew poetry: four laments (1:2528, 3640; 2:713; 3:45), and three hymns of praise of our fathers (2:5164), of Judas (3:39), and of Simon (14:415). Rather, the book refers to "heaven" (ourans) instead, such as Judas saying in a speech that "It is not on the size of the army that victory in battle depends, but strength comes from Heaven. For some more Biblical back history about the Exile and return of the Jews from Babylonian Exile, please read 2 Kings (Chapter 20:12-18), 2 Kings (Chapter 25), Jeremiah, Ezra, and Nehemiah. The doctrine expressed in the book reflects traditional Jewish teaching, without later doctrines found, for example, in 2 Maccabees. The author of I Maccabees, likely the Hasmonean court historian, wrote his history during the high priesthood (135/134104 bce) of John Hyrcanus I, son and successor of Simon. Buy Also Available At: . In 1 Maccabees, those dissatisfied with the Hasmoneans "hated their nation"[39] as a whole; the Hasmoneans were equated with Judea itself. The setting of the book is about a century after the conquest of Judea by the Greeks under Alexander the Great, when the country was part of the Greek . Maccabees does not mention the involvement of the mercenaries who are mentioned in other accounts, whereas other accounts do not mention the Jewish involvement. Her sanctuary was laid waste like a wilderness, her feasts were turned into mourning, her Sabbaths into reproach, her honor into contempt. "Exodus ch. Were there any parts of the book that you disliked or which troubled you? This is alluded to in two other passages: Daniel 9:27. by Daniel R. Schwartz. These heroes of the faith will not forsake the One God. He also confirms alliances with both Rome and Sparta (1 Macc. On the wing of abominations will come one who makes desolate; and even to the full end, and that determined, wrath will be poured out on the desolate. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The first two books only are part of canonical scripture in the Septuagint and the Vulgate (hence are canonical to Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy) and are included in the Protestant Apocrypha. 1 Samuel. The big question from this period is the question of self-definition. Finally, there is the issue of its revolutionary character. 1 Maccabees 1:54. That is, about 168 BC. 1.12.70 The rise of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and subsequent crisis3.19.22 The leadership of Judas Maccabeus in the revolt against the Greeks9.2312.53 The leadership of Jonathan (Judas brother)13.116.24 The leadership and subsequent assignation of Simon (also a brother of Judas), 1.12.32 Letters from Jews in Jerusalem to those in Egypt3.16.31 The conquest of Jerusalem by Antiochus IV Epiphanes7.1-42 The torture and murder of seven brothers and their mother8.19.29 The victory of Judas Maccabeus over the Greeks10.1-38 The purification of the Temple11.115.39 Ongoing conflict and the eventual victory of Judas. 2nd century bc) Priestly family of Jews who organized a successful rebellion against Antiochus IV Epiphanes in Palestine and reconsecrated the defiled Temple of Jerusalem. As noted above, if ancient manuscripts of the hypothesized original Hebrew version existed, they have been lost. Throughout the early Christian period, IV Maccabees was wrongly attributed to Josephus. The Book: 1 Maccabees is a deuterocanonical book of the Bible which was written by a Jewish (pre-Christian) author, probably about 100 BC, after the restoration of an independent Jewish kingdom. Chapter 2. According to the first book of Maccabees, one of the Hellenistic kings defiled the temple, forbade circumcision, and even set up altars to his gods. The name Maccabee probably means "hammer" and was the nickname given in the book to the first leader of the revolt, Judas, third son of Mattathias. It is considered one of the most accurate accounts of Jewish history for the period which it covers. Grimm indicates the time span for when the book could have been written to be from 105-64 b.c.e. Antiochus then tries to suppress public observance of Jewish laws, in an attempt to secure control over the Jews. 20 And now we have . And when he had taken all, he went away into his own land, and he made a great slaughter, and spoke very presumptuously. Unsure of the meaning of a word or phrase in the Bible? Hope for life beyond death enabled the people of God to commit their lives fully to the God who had called them, even when this seemed of no benefit in worldly terms. He interprets the Maccabean victory not as a miraculous intervention by God, but rather as God's using the instrument of the military genius of the Maccabees to achieve his divine ends. The book is held as canonical scripture today in the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches (except for the Orthodox Tewahedo). When he died his widow, Alexandra, married his elder brother, Alexander Janneus, and she remained on the throne while her son Hyrcanus II was high priest. It purports to be a historical account of the repression and miraculous salvation of Egyptian Jewry during the reign (221205 bce) of Ptolemy IV Philopator. And the inhabitants of Jerusalem fled because of them; and she became a habitation of strangers, and she became strange to those who were born in her, and her children forsook her. 2 Samuel. Antiochus was determined to impose hellenic religion and civilization in Palestine as elsewhere, and naturally this was anathema to the Jews, who at this time were quite faithful to the Covenant with Yahweh. VERSE 31. And he took the spoils of the city, and set it on fire, and pulled down the houses thereof and the walls thereof on every side. Modin. VERSE 2. And Alexander reigned twelve years, and he died. Despite this, the book is not included as canon in the Tanakh. For more details about the Maccabees family and battles with the Greeks, please read 1 Maccabees. 1 Macc the meaning of a word or phrase in the Catholic and Orthodox canons was about! However, he is assassinated at the instigation of his son-in-law Ptolemy meets Sarah, who is by... 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