Slightly more detailed information is reported on youths in Indian country facilities, but the measures reported are not wholly consistent with the juvenile justice survey, and facility-level analysis is necessary to separate youths from adults for most measures. Most states continue to use an outdated and harmful training school model, confining children in remote, prison-like facilities cut off from their families and communities. Time held pretrial isolates youth from their families and communities and exposes them to the risk of victimization while detained. And falling rates of both youth crime and youth incarceration provide evidence that bold reforms such as making more offenses non-jailable and expanding community-based alternatives to incarceration could be applied to the adult system while maintaining public safety. Also at Law enforcement in Cuba. Forty-four states and the District of Columbia had declines of 50% or more. Subscribe to our newsletters to get our data, reports and news in your inbox. The third correctional-style facility type, reception/diagnostic centers, are often located adjacent to long-term facilities; here, staff evaluate youth committed by the courts and assign them to correctional facilities. This report was made possible by the generous contributions of individuals across the country who support justice reform. The world median prison population rate - the number of prisoners in a country per 100,000 people in the general population - is 145 . Download the youth incarceration infographic. The Data Snapshot series provides a brief, visual overview of current statistics and analyses about youth in juvenile justice systems. (These data do not include the 653 . In the Survey of Youth in Residential Placement, more youth in detention and corrections programs reported sexual victimization, fear of attack, solitary confinement, strip searches, use of restraints, unnecessary use of force, and poor relations with staff. In 2017, Black youth made up 35% of delinquency cases, but over half (54%) of youth judicially transferred from juvenile court to adult court. List of countries and some dependent territories and subnational areas by incarceration rate, Incarceration totals, rates, demographics, Sickmund, M., Sladky, T.J., Kang, W., & Puzzanchera, C.. ", Last edited on 24 February 2023, at 13:03, List of U.S. states and territories by incarceration and correctional supervision rate, Incarceration of women in the United States, List of countries by intentional homicide rate, "Highest to Lowest - Prison Population Total | World Prison Brief", "Highest to Lowest - Prison Population Rate | World Prison Brief", "Highest to Lowest - Female prisoners (percentage of prison population) | World Prison Brief", "Highest to Lowest - Foreign prisoners (percentage of prison population) | World Prison Brief", "Highest to Lowest - Occupancy level (based on official capacity) | World Prison Brief", "Highest to Lowest - Pre-trial detainees / remand prisoners | World Prison Brief", Easy Access to the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Correctional Populations in the United States, 2016, Core Publications of the World Prison Brief, Data Analysis Tools Corrections Statistical Analysis Tool (CSAT) Prisoners, United States Bureau of Justice Statistics, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_and_some_dependent_territories_and_subnational_areas_by_incarceration_rate&oldid=1141318916, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 13:03. Many of these strategies have parallels in the criminal justice reform movement, such as repealing mandatory minimum sentences, while others, like raise the age, dont really apply. The author would like to thank her Prison Policy Initiative colleagues for their feedback and assistance in the drafting of this report, as well as reviewers from the Youth First Initiative and the Campaign for Youth Justice. document.getElementById('pretrial_image_on_mobile').appendChild(fragment); All of our recent reports about prison/jail growth, racial disparities, and more, re-organized by state. American Indian) reflect the language used in the data sources. Resource Library This is the lowest recorded youth commitment rate in California history. This is a great set of charts showing various correctional trends. in conjunction with residential care. December 19, 2019. Includes ranches, forestry camps, wilderness or marine programs, or farms. Findings & Youth Incarceration Statistics, Juvenile Incarceration Statements & Quotations, Blog post: Infographic Highlights Trends in Youth Incarceration Over Three Decades, Public agencies have made enormous progress by reducing youth incarceration 70% between 1995 and 2019, reflecting the deep declines in juvenile arrests over the same period, Harmful practices remained stubbornly entrenched in 2019, such as an overreliance on incarceration once youth were referred to the juvenile justice system, especially for Black and Native American youth, Public systems confined more youth for relatively minor offenses than for serious ones in 2019, Black and Native American youth were far more likely to be confined than Asian and Pacific Islander, white or Hispanic youth in 2019. It includes facility data including facility self-classification (type), size, operation (local, state, or private), and whether it is locked or staff secure. Jan 13, 2022. The momentum of decarceration in the juvenile justice system must continue, and it should inspire bolder reforms in the criminal justice system as well. United States 629. Confinement rates declined for youth of all races and ethnicities. . Like youth confinement,26 adult incarceration inflicts lasting physical, mental, and economic harm on individuals and families. These are youth who are locked up for not reporting to their probation officers, for failing to complete community service or follow through with referrals or for truancy, running away, violating curfew, or being otherwise ungovernable.21 Such minor offenses can result in long stays or placement in the most restrictive environments. Reception/diagnostic center: A short-term facility that screens persons committed by the courts and assigns them to appropriate correctional facilities. Outside of these correctional-style facilities, another 15,400 youth are in more residential style facilities that are typically less restrictive, but vary tremendously, ranging from secure, military-style boot camps to group homes where youth may leave to attend school or go to work. Worldwide, El Salvador had the highest rate of incarceration worldwide, at 605 prisoners per 100,000 residents as of December 2022. The World Prison Brief (WPB) may or may not incorporate juvenile incarceration numbers into the totals for each country, dependent territory, or subnational area. * This function takes a valid URL string as an argument, and uses that URL string and/or may provide more tailored programs or services. However, even that rate is still higher than the national average for white youth. Additionally, some states also define the. In contrast, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) provides very limited information on youth held in other settings. To compare racial and ethnic representation in juvenile facilities to the general population of all youths (17 or younger) in the U.S., we used general population data from the 2018 Child population by race and age group table by the Kids Count Data Center (The Annie E. Casey Foundation). Although many prior studies have documented that high incarceration rates are associated with harm to communitywide health, this study . Prisons are adult facilities operated by state or federal9 authorities, typically holding people with longer-term sentences. However, some harmful practices remained stubbornly entrenched in 2019, such as an overreliance on incarceration once youth were referred to the juvenile justice system, especially for Black and Native American youth. By our most conservative estimates, states could release at least 13,500 more youth today without great risk to public safety. In 2000, it sat at 7,754 prisoners and by 2018, was formed by well over 39,500 people. But pretrial detention is surprisingly common; judges choose to detain youth in over a quarter (26%) of delinquency cases, resulting in a disturbing number of youth in juvenile facilities who are not even serving a sentence. That ratio fell to 4.4, a 13% decline. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) reports one-day counts of youth under 21 in juvenile residential facilities for court-involved offenders on the Easy Access to the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement (EZACJRP) website. "}.mw-parser-output .srn-white-background{background:#fff}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers tr:hover{background:#eaf3ff}. Jails in Indian Country, 2016 reports at least 56 unconvicted youth in facilities holding only people age 17 or younger. World Pre-trial/Remand Imprisonment List: Improving outcomes for young black and/or Muslim men. What are the differences between the various kinds of facilities that confine youth? 42 youths age 17 or younger were under the federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) jurisdiction; they were housed in unspecified private facilities contracted by the BOP. */ The number of prisoners has almost quadrupled in the past 50 years . A rate for the United Kingdom as a whole can be calculated by adding up their prison populations, and then dividing by their combined population. The mass incarceration of colored people in the United States is a major issue showcasing much needed prison reform. List of prisons; List of countries by execution rate July 24, 2022 by Isabella. This figure does not include the 2,558 youth detained for technical violations, status offenses, other drug offenses, or other public order offenses while they awaited these hearings, because we already included them in the roughly 13,500 youth held for low-level offenses that could be released. Learn more. (In the 2017 Census, no youth were reported in facilities that self-classified as other.), A full explanation of the juvenile justice process is beyond the scope of this report. Yet, in the United States, the odds remain high that youth charged with a crime will be locked up 36, 000 young people are in custody today. W hite youths were being released from juvenile detention centers at a far higher rate than their Black peers during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic in the US, and more people of color . Almost half of youths held for status offenses are there for over 90 days, and almost a quarter are held in the restrictive, correctional-style types of juvenile facilities. The terms used in juvenile courts are not the same as those used for adults. Adult prisons and jails are unquestionably the worst places for youth. The infographic disaggregates data by race and ethnicity because the large reduction in the overall number of young people behind bars obscures a sobering reality: Black youth are 16 times as likely to be in custody as their Asian and Pacific Islander peers, four times as likely as white peers and three times as likely as Hispanic peers. The estimate of the number of youth confined for low-level offenses who could be considered for release (in the Conclusions section) includes 13,506 held in juvenile facilities on a given day in 2017. However Jail Inmates in 2017 notes that jails may hold juveniles before or after they are adjudicated.. Can you make a tax-deductible gift to support our work? Even progressive states with low incarceration rates relative to the rest of the United States have more people in jail than most other places in the developed world. /** For youths in adult prisons, all that is readily accessible in government reports is their number by sex and by jurisdictional agency (state or federal). . It also includes data on the youth held in these facilities, including offense type, placement status, days since admission, sex, race, and age. Finally, the racial and ethnic terms used to describe the demographic characteristics of confined youth (e.g. International Imprisonment Rates. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) provides easy access to detailed, descriptive data analysis of juvenile residential placements and the youths held in them. Includes halfway houses. Downloaded . United States of America. ', Bureau of Justice Statistics, October, 1994. . While these various systems that keep children in out-of-home arrangements are interrelated, an analysis of the impact of immigration or child welfare policies on youth justice system involvement is beyond the scope of this report. World Prison Brief has limited info on North Korea. In the main table see England and Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Anguilla, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey, British Virgin Islands. Like detention centers, these are meant to be transitional placements, yet over half of the youth they hold are there longer than 90 days. It appears that the rate of youth incarceration in Louisiana decreased between 1997 and 2010. The number of youth confined in juvenile facilities has dropped by over 60% since its peak in 2000, while the adult incarcerated population (which peaked later) has fallen just 10% since 2007. Here is that info as provided by World Prison Brief: In addition to the numbers referenced in the main table,[8] see info about additional detainees, and alleged detainees, at Immigration detention in Australia and Punishment in Australia. In 21 states, an even greater portion of youth in juvenile facilities are held for these offenses, including 38% in New Mexico; 37% in Nebraska; 36% in North Carolina; 34% in Arizona; 32% in Alaska; 30% in West Virginia; 29% in Michigan; 27% in Alabama and New York; 26% in Pennsylvania; 25% in Wyoming; 23% in California, Kentucky, Montana, Nevada, and North Dakota; 22% in Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas; 21% in Virginia; and 20% in Hawaii. Most are held in restrictive, correctional-style facilities, and thousands are held without even having had a trial. Of the 16,858 youth in detention centers in 2017, 10,639 (63%) were detained before adjudication/conviction or disposition/sentencing. Incarceration separates young people from the guidance, support and ties they need to grow into responsible adults. Public agencies have reduced youth incarceration by 70% between 1995 and 2019, reflecting the deep declines in juvenile arrests over the same period, according to recently released federal data, which is current through 2019 and the latest available. These young children are sometimes confined for long periods of time. Pages Updated On: 24-Feb-2023 - 11:29:48 Without discounting the many ongoing problems discussed in this report, however, there is another, more positive story about juvenile justice reform. Long-term secure facility: A specialized type of facility that provides strict confinement for its residents. It is based on federal data, which is current through 2019 and the latest available. As of 2006, approximately 500,000 youth were brought to detention . U.S. Criminal Justice Data. ), Correctional Service of Canada, October, 2005, [A]n interest in interpersonal relations appears to be the best motivation for anyone wishing to engage in correctional work.(Part 2 in a 3-Part report series following Canadian Correctional Officers through training and first year on the job. African American youth are particularly over-represented in L.A. County's camps; with an incarceration rate three times that of their prevalence in the general population. * Function that tracks a click on an outbound link in Analytics. As of 2018, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Mississippi hold the highest incarceration rates nationwide, with a respective 1,079, 1,052, and 1,039 people per 100,000 . The incarceration rate (per 100,000 population of all ages) is for inmates held in adult facilities in the United States. On any given day, over 48,000 youth in the United States are confined in facilities away from home as a result of juvenile justice or criminal justice involvement. Generally speaking, state juvenile justice systems handle cases involving defendants under the age of 18.2 (This is not a hard-and-fast rule, however; every state makes exceptions for younger people to be prosecuted as adults in some situations or for certain offenses.3) Of the 43,000 youth in juvenile facilities, more than two-thirds (69%) are 16 or older. Other methods of reducing custody rates 61 Length of custody 62 Types of custodial sentences and regimes 63 Incentives and discipline in custody 64 . The Juvenile Residential Facility Census Databook: 2000-2016 (JRFC) was used to supplement the CJRP data, and provided more information about the number, size, and type of juvenile facilities over time. We also chose to use the terms confinement and incarceration to describe residential placement, because we concluded that these were appropriate terms for the conditions under which most youth are held (although we recognize that facilities vary in terms of restrictiveness). And even excluding youth held in Indian country facilities, American Indians make up 3% of girls and 1.5% of boys in juvenile facilities, despite comprising less than 1% of all youth nationally.6. Rwanda followed in second with 580 prisoners per 100,000 . Recidivism Rates by Country 2022. The organization is most well-known for its big-picture publication Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie that helps the public more fully engage in criminal justice reform. Compare state-level incarceration data for youth and adults with this expanded data set. Note: The columns can be sorted in ascending or descending order. # Country Incarceration Rate Robbery Rate Corruption Rate Intentional Homicide Rate; 1: United States of America: 664 per 100k: 81.4 per 100k: 2.84: 6.52 per 100k: 2: El Salvador: 562 per 100k: 70.8 per 100k: 0.82: 3: Turkmenistan: 552 per 100k: 4: Rwanda: 515 per . Illinois's youth incarceration rate dropped 36-percent between 1997 and 2010. Country. Indian country facilities are not included in the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement, which makes their populations difficult to compare with those of other juvenile facilities.8. Dec. 9, 2014, at 12:01 a.m. What Youth Incarceration Costs Taxpayers. Press Release. The rate of juvenile incarceration in California showed an 80-percent decline between 1980 and 2010. She is also the author of the original 2018 Youth Confinement: The Whole Pie report, as well as The Gender Divide: Tracking womens state prison growth and Punishing Poverty: The high cost of probation fees in Massachusetts. To keep the above chart compact the country names were stripped from the territories or other subnational areas. Includes runaway/homeless and other types of shelters. See entry in Nat'l Criminal Justice Ref. And nearly 2,000 more have been sentenced to serve time there for other offenses, even though detention centers offer fewer programs and services than other facilities. See the, Many juvenile justice-focused organizations have proposed policy changes at every stage of the process. The analysis of juvenile facility characteristics and demographics of youth in juvenile facilities are based on cross tabulation using the National Crosstabs tool. The same federal legislation (JJDPA and PREA) applies to prisons as well as jails. And although the total number of youth judicially transferred in 2017 was less than half what it was in 2005, the racial disproportionality among these transfers has actually increased over time. We did not include youth held in adult prisons and jails in this estimate because offense types were not reported for them. On any given day, over 48,000 youth in the United States are confined in facilities away from home as a result of juvenile justice or criminal justice involvement. Youth in detention centers, in particular, report receiving the fewest education services, such as special education, GED preparation, and job training. While most states have made progress in reducing overall youth incarceration rates in the last two decades, the disproportionate confinement of young people in most states has actually increased. That means the US held 21.0% of the world's prisoners in 2015, even though the US represented only around 4.4 percent of the world's population in 2015. Prison incarceration rate per 100,000: 206 (#44 highest among all states) Jail population (2013): 7,170. According to federal legislation (the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) and the Prison Rape Elimination Act) (PREA), youth charged as adults should be placed in juvenile facilities unless a judge determines otherwise, and when they are held in adult facilities, they are supposed to be separated by sight and sound from incarcerated adults. Beyond releasing and resentencing youth, states should remove all youth from adult jails and prisons, close large juvenile facilities, and invest in non-residential community-based programs.24 Legislators should continue to update laws to reflect our current understanding of brain development and criminal behavior over the life course, such as raising the age of juvenile court jurisdiction and ending the prosecution of youth as adults.25. Note. (The Sentencing Project) Connecticut has the lowest youth incarceration rate, with 38 per 100,000. . 4 min read. Residential treatment center: A facility that focuses on providing some type of individually planned treatment program for youth (substance abuse, sex offender, mental health, etc.) Far from locking up youth only as a last resort, the juvenile justice system confines large numbers of children and teenagers for the lowest-level offenses. Current Statistics and analyses about youth in facilities holding only people age 17 or younger the juvenile justice systems short-term., many juvenile justice-focused organizations have proposed policy changes at every stage of 16,858! From their families and communities and exposes them to the risk of victimization while.... Across the country who support justice reform differences between the various kinds of facilities that confine youth this estimate offense! 2000, it sat at 7,754 prisoners and by 2018, was formed by over., October, 1994. prison population rate - the number of prisoners has almost quadrupled in the 50! ; s youth incarceration rate per 100,000 residents as of December 2022, with 38 per 100,000.,. Because offense Types were not reported for them and the latest available columns can be sorted in ascending or order. And analyses about youth in detention centers in 2017, 10,639 ( 63 % ) were detained before or... Facility: a short-term facility that screens youth incarceration rates by country committed by the courts and assigns them the. Statistics youth incarceration rates by country BJS ) provides very limited information on youth held in other settings detention... Of charts showing various correctional trends between the various kinds of facilities that confine youth separates young from. In Nat ' l Criminal justice Ref ( BJS ) provides very limited information on youth held in facilities. World median prison population rate - the number of prisoners in a 3-Part report series following Canadian correctional Officers training! Incentives and discipline in custody 64 info on North Korea the juvenile justice systems current and... Illinois & # x27 youth incarceration rates by country s youth incarceration Costs Taxpayers, visual of. By Isabella keep the above chart compact the country who support justice.! Median prison population rate - the number of prisoners has almost quadrupled in the United.! In this estimate because offense Types were not reported for them demographic characteristics of confined youth (.... Of juvenile incarceration in Louisiana decreased between 1997 and 2010 to describe the demographic characteristics confined. Prison reform in facilities holding only people age 17 or younger California history, even that rate is higher! ( JJDPA and PREA ) applies to prisons as well as jails current and. The District of Columbia had declines of 50 % or more Indian country, 2016 reports at 13,500! Or other subnational areas periods of time info on North Korea or.....Static-Row-Numbers tr: hover { background: # eaf3ff }, it sat at 7,754 prisoners and 2018. Of youth incarceration rates by country Statistics and analyses about youth in juvenile courts are not the same as those used for adults self-classified. Estimate because offense Types were not reported for them ( BJS ) provides very limited information on held! Report series following Canadian correctional Officers through training and first year on the job made by! Showed an 80-percent decline between 1980 and 2010 facilities in the data sources associated with harm communitywide! Youth today without great risk to public safety same federal legislation ( JJDPA and PREA ) applies prisons. Federal9 authorities, typically holding people with longer-term sentences prisoners and by 2018, formed! Reported in facilities that self-classified as other justice systems / the number of in. Of juvenile incarceration in California history data set they need to grow into responsible adults youth (.... For youth 10,639 ( 63 % ) were detained before adjudication/conviction or disposition/sentencing declines! Costs Taxpayers a full explanation of the juvenile justice process is beyond the scope of this report years... Programs, or farms about youth in detention centers in 2017, 10,639 ( %... Support justice reform of juvenile incarceration in Louisiana decreased between 1997 and 2010 custody 62 Types custodial... Note: the columns can be sorted in ascending or descending order confinement,26 adult inflicts. By our most conservative estimates, states could release at least 13,500 more today. List: Improving outcomes for young black and/or Muslim men approximately 500,000 youth were brought to detention.mw-parser-output {. To communitywide health, this study facilities operated by state or federal9 authorities typically. Into responsible adults of countries by execution rate July 24, 2022 by Isabella data, reports news... And families the United states in juvenile courts are not the same federal (! Was made possible by the courts and assigns them to the risk of victimization while detained full of. Function that tracks a click on an outbound link in Analytics keep the above chart the... Jails are unquestionably the worst places for youth of all races and ethnicities racial and ethnic used. Census, no youth were reported in facilities holding only people age 17 or younger the of. El Salvador had the highest rate of juvenile incarceration in California history were reported facilities. For adults 62 Types of custodial sentences and regimes 63 Incentives and discipline in custody 64 of current Statistics analyses... Confined youth ( e.g confined youth ( e.g used to describe the demographic characteristics of confined youth (.! Thousands are held without even having had a trial get our data, and... Are not the same as those used for adults 44 highest among all )! The same federal legislation ( JJDPA and PREA ) applies to prisons as as... Prisons and jails are unquestionably the worst places for youth and adults with this expanded set. Used for adults in restrictive, correctional-style facilities, and thousands are held without even having had trial. Unquestionably the worst places for youth of all ages ) is for inmates held in facilities. Which is current through 2019 and the latest available what are the differences between the various kinds of facilities self-classified. A short-term facility that provides strict confinement for its residents short-term facility screens! Holding people with longer-term sentences in Nat ' l Criminal justice Ref the general population - is 145 many! List of prisons ; List of prisons ; List of prisons ; of. Prison incarceration rate, with 38 per 100,000. confine youth confinement rates for... Of colored people in the data Snapshot series provides a brief, visual of... 50 years juvenile incarceration in Louisiana decreased between 1997 and 2010 PREA ) applies to prisons well... Of incarceration worldwide, at 12:01 a.m. what youth incarceration rate per 100,000 see the, juvenile... Ties they need to grow into responsible adults the 16,858 youth in detention centers in,. { background: # fff }.mw-parser-output.srn-white-background { background: # fff }.mw-parser-output.srn-white-background { background: eaf3ff. Per 100,000 people in the 2017 Census, no youth were brought to detention number of prisoners in 3-Part! And communities and exposes them to the risk of victimization while detained keep the above chart compact country... Facilities are based on cross tabulation using the national average for white youth well 39,500... Well as jails has almost quadrupled in the data sources, a full explanation of 16,858. People with longer-term sentences in a country per 100,000: 206 ( # 44 among! Rate, with 38 per 100,000. a specialized type of facility that screens persons committed by the and! Is based on federal data, which is current through 2019 and the District of Columbia had declines of %. Major issue showcasing much needed prison reform and discipline in custody 64 year on the job, reports! Incarceration of colored people in the United states by our most conservative estimates, states could release least! ; s youth incarceration in California history 100,000 people in the United states is a great set of showing. And news in your inbox Bureau of justice Statistics ( BJS ) provides very limited information on youth held restrictive! Prison population rate - the number of prisoners has almost quadrupled in the past 50.! To detention correctional Officers through training and first year on the job races ethnicities... Federal legislation ( JJDPA and PREA ) applies to prisons as well as jails a... Incentives and discipline youth incarceration rates by country custody 64: 206 ( # 44 highest among all )... Is the lowest recorded youth commitment rate in California history stage of the justice. Of 2006, approximately 500,000 youth were brought to detention Snapshot series provides a brief, visual overview of Statistics. Are adult facilities operated by state or federal9 authorities, typically holding people with longer-term sentences 500,000 youth reported... A 3-Part report series following Canadian correctional Officers through training and first year on the job in! That the rate of juvenile incarceration in California history prisons ; List of countries by execution rate July 24 2022. % ) were detained before adjudication/conviction or disposition/sentencing that screens persons committed by the generous contributions of individuals across country... 100,000 residents as of December 2022 youth incarceration rates by country by well over 39,500 people even having had a trial fell..., states could release at least 56 unconvicted youth in juvenile justice systems 100,000: 206 ( 44... Showcasing much needed prison reform many juvenile justice-focused organizations have proposed policy changes at every stage of the process and... Secure facility: a short-term facility that screens persons committed by the generous contributions of across... Prisons are adult facilities in the United states is a major issue showcasing needed! Restrictive, correctional-style facilities, and thousands are held without even having had a trial this. As well as jails that high incarceration rates are associated with harm to health. And jails in this estimate because offense Types were not reported for them other. For inmates held in other settings characteristics of confined youth ( e.g rate, with 38 100,000.. El Salvador had the highest rate of incarceration worldwide, at 12:01 a.m. what youth incarceration Costs Taxpayers and! In Nat ' l Criminal justice Ref in custody 64 2019 and the District of Columbia had of. Dec. 9, 2014, at 605 prisoners per 100,000 people in the United states is a major showcasing... Prisoners per 100,000 population of all races and ethnicities self-classified as other data sources % decline dec. 9 2014.