D) Germany was forced to fight a war on two fronts. By capturing nearby islands, the U.S. could install military bases to keep Japan in check. He believed that cutting off Germany's shipping routes on the Atlantic was the key to winning the war. D. After the United States entered World War II, A. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." ffidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. Choose the statement that best describes a reason President Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on Japan. A. dying in action while leading his troops to victory at Iwo Jima. Consistent with overall anti-immigrant sentiments in the country, the State Department viewed the quotas as limits, rather than goals, and did not seek to fill the quotas. While overall immigration into the United States did not increase, between 35,00040,000 DPs, most of whom were Jewish, entered the United States between December 22, 1945, and July 1, 1948, under provisions of the Truman Directive. Japan had a larger army and more airplanes and submarines than the Americans. ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. C. an African American air squadron that conducted bombing raids over Europe. Students view the film, analyze a primary source from the Oyneg Shabes archive, and consider why it matters who tells the stories of the Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto. April 6, 1917 A. What was the main result of the Wannsee Conference in January 1942? A) They were still unaware of the death camps' existence at that point. Goebbels wrote: On the basis of the Tripartite Pact we will probably not [be able to avoid] a declaration of war on the United States. "We were forced by the government to move from California because they feared we might be capable of sabotage or espionage. They felt that Germany posed the greatest long-term threat to all parties involved. December 8, 1941 - Congress Declares War on Japan. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.". D. The population stayed roughly the same as auto factories were converted to produce munitions. With President Trumans encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. After the United States entered World War II, immigrants from which of the following countries became eligible for U.S. citizenship? In this way, refugees and immigrants were still tied together in US immigration law. Five other European states joined the Axis alliance during World War II. Five million women entered the workforce between 1940-1945. A. Japanese attacks on U.S. ships trading with China. a.) D) They felt it more prudent to use diplomatic means to shut down the camps. . Although the IRO constitution was drawn up in December 1946, the organization did not begin work until 1948, when the nations paying the majority of the IROs expenses had ratified the constitution. A. gave orders to surrender. Students reflect on the unit as a whole and begin to write a strong thesis statement for their essay. We are now to a certain extent protected on our flanks. c.) C. Japan had committed too many of its resources to defending Hong Kong. Fears of infiltration and espionage led to additional restrictions on visa applicants. Without any significant factual evidence, the government perceived Japanese Americans as being a threat to national security. Hundreds of thousands of liberated Jews, suffering from starvation and disease, emerged from concentration camps, hiding places, and places of temporary refuge to discover a world which still seemed to have no place for them. Place the events that led up to U.S. involvement in World War II in the correct order, following Hitler's appointment as Chancellor of Germany. They feature a wide diversity of opinion concerning the war and other social and political issues of the day, such as racial prejudice and labor disputes. B. the economy failed to improve. C. It gave Germany new territory as the Soviets tried to appease Hitler. World War II's longest continuous campaign takes place, with the Allies striking a naval blockade against Germany and igniting a struggle . limiting further U.S. casualties B. refugees who had fled from Nazi-occupied Europe. D. He issued an order to desegregate the military. After the war, the United States and the international community used a series of directives, organizations, and laws to help displaced European refugees, including Holocaust survivors, immigrate to new countries. Draw two lines under each verb. c.) protecting U.S. economic interests in China helping drive them out of the Soviet Union. C. A) the Nazi doctrine of Aryan racial superiority. A. the Atlantic Charter D. "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract." C. the Lend-Lease Act ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." Unit 3 Challenge Questions/ The United States, Sophia U.S. History 2 Unit 4 Milestone Study, Sophia.org U.S. History II - UNIT 4 - CHALLEN, Vulnerability Scans, Security and Controls, Sophia.org U.S. History II - FINAL MILESTONE, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. Congress began negotiating a new immigration bill, which would set quotas for the first time on the number of immigrants from each country who could enter the United States. In the final phases of World War II in Europe, They sought peace through isolation and throughout the 1920s advocated a policy of disarmament and nonintervention. Through the end of World War II the United States would use it to provide a total of some $50 billion in aid (equal to $690 billion in 2020 dollars) to more than 30 nations around the globe, from . These laws did not change in the 1930s, as desperate Jewish refugees attempted to immigrate from Nazi Germany. c.) b.) C. More expansion The War against Poland: Speed and Brutality, The Jewish Ghettos: Separated from the World. The war ended with the Axis powers' unconditional surrender in 1945. "Despite wartime mobilization, we continued to feel the negative effects of the Great Depression. the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the . How did the countrys reasons for fighting the war, as articulated by Roosevelt, differ from those of Germany. American military officials knew that many Japanese soldiers would rather die than surrender. After Germanys annexation of Austria and with the advice of the State Department, a group of Jewish congressmen met and decided not to introduce any new legislation to expand immigration to aid Jewish refugees. \underline{\hspace{3cm}} Fierce, wild dogs are inhabitants of the island, too. B. D. intercept enemy intelligence and relay it to the troops on the frontlines. What was the result of the Battle of the Bulge? What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? When did the United States enter World War I? A. African American workers were paid the same wages as whites. In exchange, refugees must abide by the laws and regulations of the country of asylum. D. A) less than 5 years . A. These and other viewpoints would be challenged with the United States' entry into World War II. A) victory over fear and want, as described in the Four Freedoms speech Students review the documents and videos from previous lessons and consider what information supports, expands, or challenges their thinking about the essay. C) the prohibition of dictatorships like the Soviet Union. A. gain control of the Hawaiian Islands. Truman particularly criticized the fact that the bill restricted eligibility to people who had entered Germany, Austria, or Italy prior to December 22, 1945, effectively discriminating against Jewish displaced persons, many of whom had been in the Soviet zone of occupation and only traveled to western Europe later. Q. The so-called Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles in 1943 were a result of a.) Our headquarters are located at: 89 South Street, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02111. published this 12-page pamphlet after the U.S. had entered World War II. B. to force Japan into fighting a two-front war and gain strategic positions from which to attack Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war A. new Geneva Convention agreements about prisoners. B) the Great Depression destroyed U.S. foreign trade. The postwar world also presented Americans with a number of problems and issues. U.S. code breakers had intercepted the Japanese plans. B) about 10 years The Battle of Midway is considered one of the major turning points of the war because The IRO constitution stated that refugees and displaced persons constitute an urgent problem which is international in scope and character and while displaced persons should be returned home, refugees should be assisted by international action. On August 9, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill first met aboard the cruiser USS Augusta. C. Native Americans recruited from nearby reservations in New Mexico. C) victory over Germany and Japan U.S. and British forces struck a major blow against the Nazis' capacity to make war by D) Hitler designated certain areas of the country as ghettoes to house the Jewish population. "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract. The American forces joined the Soviet forces for a joint assault on Berlin. The United States long reserved its most lucrative occupations for an elite class of white men. He motivated Americans and established agencies to direct mobilization. B) save lives. The Soviet Union owed the United States a massive amount of debt. Which of the following is a reason that the United States initially stayed out of World War II? After World War II began in 1939, the State Department cautioned consular officials to exercise particular care in screening applicants: "In view of the international situation, it is essential that all aliens seeking admission into the United States, including both immigrants and nonimmigrants be examined with the greatest care. Visa applicants were required to submit moral affidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. US consulates in Nazi-occupied territory shut down in July 1941. "As the war continued, the economy weakened, leaving most working American families poor." C. WACs sponsored fund raisers to purchase government war bonds. At this time, documentary requirements were also increased: applicants now needed two financial affidavits instead of one. They used a secret Navajo code in all communications related to the invasion. B. The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. C. citizens." China. B. promote the spread of democracy all over the world. This enabled Roosevelt to establish what became known as the . Also included are biographies of the fieldworkers who conducted and arranged the interviews, complete transcripts of the interviews, related manuscripts, and original disc sleeves. B) the prosecution of Nazi war criminals in the Nuremberg Trials Choose which phrase was a factor in President Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan. In particular, World War II led many women to take jobs in defense plants and factories around the country. We expect to eliminate the danger from Japan, but it would serve us ill if we accomplished that and found that the rest of the world was dominated by Hitler and Mussolini. the League of Nations. Why were Jewish refugees on the ocean liner St. Louis turned away while trying to enter the United States in 1939? C. through the American Lend-Lease Act Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. A. through the sale of government issued war bonds D) three quarters, The Jewish population of Romania was reduced by approximately "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. C. the military did not expand quickly until after the creation of the draft. What is the World War II? ", d.) In March 1980, Congress passed the Refugee Act of 1980, expressing that it is the historic policy of the United States to respond to the urgent needs of persons subject to persecution in their homelands. The Act laid out the procedures for the admission of refugees into the United States and how the US would fulfill its obligations as a signatory of the United Nations Refugee Protocol. After World War II and the Holocaust, the United States and the international community recognized that refugees and displaced persons merited special consideration and should be dealt with separately from immigrants, who are moving to a new country to seek a better life. D.Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war first. The 1951 Convention defines the obligations of signatory nations to refugees, and vice versa. In the end, the United States was forced into the war on December 7th, 1941 when Japan surprise attack the United States at Pearl Harbor. World War II is also known as the Second World War and it was a period of intense conflict which officially started on the 1st of September, 1939 and ended on the 2nd of September 1945. Almost every country in the world participated in World War II.Most were neutral at the beginning, but only a relatively few nations remained neutral to the end. A) A group of Nazi generals hatched the plan to assassinate Hitler. America Declares War on Germany. Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of African Americans after the United States entered World War II. B. How did WACs contribute to the American war effort? C) restricted the number of countries that accepted Jewish refugees. The Vietnam War is the commonly used name for the Second Indochina War, 1954-1975. In 1951, the United Nations adopted the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, which has been signed by 145 nations. C.It endorsed national self-determination for the post-war world. D) the division of Germany into communist and non-communist sectors. It would allow the Allies to gain control of the precious oil fields in the Middle East. In an attempt to prevent American interference in the Pacific war, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, the US naval station in Hawaii, in a surprise attack on December 7, 1941. D. Being attacked by a foreign power drew the country immediately into the war. On December 7, 1941 Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, inflicting heavy casualties and severe damage to the United States naval forces anchored there. The US military was not prepared to fight a global war in 1941. B. B. was killed by Soviet troops. C. He created the American Red Cross to assist soldiers and their families. A) segregated Jews at every level of German society. C. holding off a German offensive by himself after ordering his troops to withdraw. B. separate B. WACs coordinated recruiting efforts for all of the armed services. The initial purpose of the Nazi concentration camps was supposedly to World War II, also called Second World War, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-45. A. How did the United States government and American people respond to Nazism? Lend-lease was the term popularly given to the US policy of extending material aid to the Allies before and after the United States entered World War II. D. Many Americans believed the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the Japanese. B) limited the number of Jewish refugees allowed entry into the United States. B) setting up a National Holocaust Museum. ", b.) A) the Axis pushed back the Allied advance from the Soviet Union. b.) Presumably, the agreement to safeguard the identity of these persons was intentional, as some of the interviewees worked for the Federal government and/or otherwise required anonymity in order to participate. Depression; Isolationists thought aid would prolong the Depression. But now this isnt so bad anymore. a.) After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the United States declared war against Japan and entered World War II. Kristallnacht is the name given to describe With President Truman's encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. The act was meant to solve the midnight races problem and establish a more permanent immigration law. It allowed Germany to attack Poland with having to fight on two fronts. The sketch shown above is of "The Unconquered People," and describes the European resistance to Adolph Hitler and Germany on the part of . buying and selling coupon books for rationed goods. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the president of the United States for the majority of this time, from 1933 to 1945. Life in the United States began to return to normal. D. The U.S. rejected Japan's demand of expansion. Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a prewar Jewish population of 3.5 million, had a quota of 6,524, and Romania, with a Jewish population of nearly a million, had a quota of 377. b.) D. School Mayland Community College; Course Title HISTORY HIS 131; Uploaded By BailiffPelicanPerson609. Sources. ", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. Then, tell whether the gerund is a subject, a predicate nominative, a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition. What event led to the House and Senate voting to declare war? What was the effect of Hitler's blitzkrieg tactics? it halted the Japanese advance and put them on the defensive. Hitler 's greatest strategic disadvantage in opposing the Allies' imminent reentry into Europe lay in the immense stretch of Germany 's conquests, from the west coast of France to the east coast of Greece. The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention. b.) . To help your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides. D) She is certain the Germans will lose the war. D. Through the government's bracero program, Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. C) the policy of putting Jews into concentration camps. The United States entered World War II after the Japanese attack on _____. Why was Churchill reluctant to launch a massive Allied offensive at Normandy? For most Jewish refugees, the new paperwork combined with the lack of access to American diplomats ended their hope of immigration to the United States. The 1921 quotas were enforced on Ellis Island, not at US consulates abroad. preventing Soviet intervention in the region. Students begin to understand and stake out a preliminary position in response to the assessment writing prompt. Soviet mistrust of Western intentions. Public anti-immigration sentiment remained strongin May 1938, only 23% of Americans were in favor of the immigration of German refugeesand these congressmen believed that legislation reducing immigration would prevail if the subject came up for debate. D. universal education. (This happened just as the systematic, mass murder of the Jews began with the German invasion of the Soviet Union.) B. a joint U.S.-British squadron that airlifted supplies to the troops in North Africa. b.) Why was Roosevelt's "Quarantine" speech in 1937 widely criticized by Americans at the time? b.) a.) From our 21st-century point of view, it is hard to imagine World War II without the United States as a major participant. d.) founded the United Service Organizations. By the time the United States entered World War II, it had already been providing aid to areas threatened by Axis powers. D. demonstrate their support for Germany and Italy. What is gangsterism? B. "The government paid most of the costs for my company to convert to wartime production. By 1948, a new form of international tension had emerged--Cold War--between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies. View the list of all donors. a.) work on the development of an atomic bomb. . A. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. B) membership of the U.N. Security Council was determined. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor because they wanted to The population plummeted due to people going to fight overseas. The United States remained neutral in . "President Roosevelt nationalized the shipping and shipbuilding industries." Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia. C) They felt it would divert too many resources away from their military operations elsewhere. D.It showed Roosevelt could be flexible when negotiating with the Soviet Union. Both collections are included in this presentation. How does Donne's tone in this meditation support the point he is trying to make? b.) "I was outraged when the government nationalized my business and forced us to produce war material." his decisive victory at the Battle of Guadalcanal. On May 19, 1921, President Warren Harding signed the Quota Act of 1921 (also known as the Emergency Quota Act). his skillful handling of the Allied offensive at Normandy. The Senate did not believe the emergency warranted this dramatic step but was willing to significantly restrict the number of immigrants allowed to enter the United States. b.) B) 710,000 people. D. the establishment of internment camps for resident aliens. Why was Stalin more supportive of an Allied invasion of France than Roosevelt and Churchill? d.) D. the Selective Service Act, What was the world reaction to these aggressive actions? What ultimately prevented the Nazis from conquering Great Britain in 1940? C. C. legal The United States responded in kind, and therefore entered World War II. ensure cooperation between the major powers of the world. What was the importance of the Lend-Lease Act? . On December 8, 1941 (the day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor), Alan Lomax, then "assistant in charge" of the Archive of American Folk Song (now the American Folklife Center archive), sent a telegram to fieldworkers in ten different localities across the United States, asking them to collect "man-on-the-street" reactions of ordinary Americans to the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the subsequent declaration of war by the United States. In the twenty years following 1945, there was a broad political consensus concerning the Cold War and anti-Communism. d.) For each word at the left, complete the four derivatives indicated. The IRO ceased operations on January 31, 1952, as most of its work had been taken over by other organizations, most significantly the United Nations High Commission on Refugees, an office created in 1951. It would prevent the Axis from receiving reinforcements from Japan's Indian Ocean fleet. B. D. B) victory over the Axis Powers and the Soviet Union all of Japan's aircraft carriers were mistakenly directed to Guam. b.) A. This presentation was made possible with the generous support of the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and the New Deal Network. Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. What were the reasons behind the U.S. assault on the island of Guadalcanal? 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