[80] By 3:30 pm, Forrest had concluded that the U.S. troops could not hold the fort; thus, he ordered a flag of truce raised and demanded that the fort be surrendered. There, with the labor of over a hundred prison convicts, he grew corn, potatoes, vegetables, and cotton profitably, but his health steadily declined. This is the story of the Confederate cavalry leader that Shelby Foote called one of the authentic geniuses produced by the American Civil War. [168] The SeymourBlair Democratic ticket's campaign slogan was: "Our Ticket, Our Motto, This Is a White Man's Country; Let White Men Rule". [172] In Louisiana, 1,000 blacks were killed to suppress Republican voting. [126], He later found employment at the Selma-based Marion & Memphis Railroad and eventually became the company president. Hood ordered Forrest to conduct an independent raid against the Murfreesboro garrison. Nathan Bedford Forrest Title Lieutenant General War & Affiliation Civil War / Confederate Date of Birth - Death July 13, 1821 - October 29, 1877 Nathan Bedford Forrest, one of the most polarizing figures of the Civil War era, was born July 13, 1821 in Chapel Hill, Tennessee - a small town on the Duck River. The Blue Raiders' athletic mascot was changed to an ambiguous swash-buckler character called the "Blue Raider" to avoid association with Forrest or the Confederacy. [118] When Hood's battle-hardened Army of Tennessee, consisting of 40,000 men deployed in three infantry corps plus 10,000 to 15,000 cavalry, was all but destroyed on December 1516, at the Battle of Nashville,[119] Forrest distinguished himself by commanding the Confederate rear guard in a series of actions that allowed what was left of the army to escape. [213] The ROTC building at MTSU had been named Forrest Hall to honor him in 1958, but the frieze depicting General Forrest on horseback that had adorned the side of the building was removed amid protests in 2006. Needing to make money to support his mother and siblings, Forrest went into business with his uncle, Jonathan Forrest, in . Nathan Bedford Forrest (grandfather) Nathan Bedford Forrest II (August 1871 - March 11, 1931) was an American businessman who served as the 19th Commander-in-Chief of the Sons of Confederate Veterans from 1919 to 1921, [1] [2] [3] and as the Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan for Georgia. As a slave trader how many slaves did Nathan Bedford Forrest sell? If you read Eddy W. Davison's "Nathan Bedford Forrest: In Search of the Enigma," on page 464 and 474-475, you can see that Forrest not only publicly disavowed the KKK and worked to terminate it, but in August 1874, Forrest "volunteered to help 'exterminate' those men responsible for the continued violence against the blacks." After the murder of four blacks by a lynch mob after they were . Nathaniel Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821-October 29, 1877) was a Confederate Army general during the American Civil War. Eva, TN 38333. Nathan Bedford Forrest. (Memphis, Tenn.) 18471886, July 06, 1875, Image 1", "Ex-Confederates: Meeting of Cavalry Survivor's Association", "Confederate Veterans on Forrest: 'Unworthy of a Southern gentleman', "Council begins process of removing Nathan Bedford Forrest's remains", "Memphis removes Confederate statues from Downtown parks", "Memphis to Jefferson Davis: 'Na na na na, hey, hey, goodbye', "Bust of Lieutenant General Nathan Bedford Forrest Is Unveiled", "Arnold Engineering Development Center, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee: An Air Force Materiel Command Test Facility", "Confederate soldiers have their own medal of honor", "Florida High School Keeps KKK Founder's Name", "Confederate general's name removed from Army's road", "Soldier turned down film job to fight, die in Korea", "Forrest Hall: The Evolution of Middle Tennessee's Mascot", "Forrest Hall Name Change Decision Delayed", "Commission denies MTSU's request to change the name of Forrest Hall", "Hank Aaron replaces Confederate general in school name", "May 1, 1863 [No. "The New York Times proclaimed that if the votes in South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana were certified in favor of Tilden, thus electing him over Hayes, the Northtwelve years following Appomattoxwould have lost the Civil War to the South: "it will be the sign of the subjugation of the nation by the . [33], Forrest had twelve brothers and sisters; two of his eight brothers and three of his four sisters died of typhoid fever at an early age, all at about the same time. However, traditional unreconstructed writers, like our award-winning Tennessee author, Forrest scholar Colonel Lochlainn Seabrook, know that Confederate General Forrest was none of these things. Forrest's responsibility for the massacre continues to be actively debated by historians.[6]. He denied membership, but his role in the KKK was beyond the scope of the investigating committee, which wrote: "Our design is not to connect General Forrest with this order (the reader may form his own conclusion upon this question)". Booth. The Life of Nathan Bedford Forrest by Brian Steel Wills. Although he could not change the course for the confederate loss to the union, he did . [113] U.S. Army forces drove the Confederates from the field, and Forrest was wounded in the foot, but his forces were not wholly destroyed. Former Memphis Mayor Willie Herenton, who is black, blocked the move. Forrest County, Mississippi is named after him, as is Forrest City, Arkansas. The association voted unanimously to amend its constitution to expressly forbid publicly advocating for or hinting at any association of white women and girls as being in the same classes as "females of the negro race". Forrest was blamed for the slaughter in the U.S. press, and this news may have strengthened the United States's resolve to win the war. This unit, which varied in size from 40 to 90 men, constituted the elite of his cavalry. He then mounted a second horse, shot out from under him, forcing him to mount a third horse. [94] These statements were contradicted by U.S. Army survivors and by the letter of a Confederate soldier who graphically recounted a massacre. [192] Consequently, Memphis sold the park land to Memphis Greenspace, a non-profit entity not subject to the Tennessee Heritage Protection Act, which immediately removed the monument as explained below. 1825 Pilot Knob Road. [80] Forrest had reached the fort at 10:00 am after a hard ride from Mississippi,[80] and his horse was soon shot out from under him, causing him to fall to the ground. In April 1864, in what has been called "one of the bleakest, saddest events of American military history",[5] troops under Forrest's command at the Battle of Fort Pillow massacred hundreds of troops, composed of black soldiers and white Tennessean Southern Unionists fighting for the United States, who had already surrendered. Gen. James Chalmers, attacked and recaptured Fort Pillow. The oldest of 12 children, Nathan Bedford Forrest was born July 13, 1821, in Chapel Hill, Tennessee. [207] After several public forums and discussions, Westside High School was unanimously approved in January 2014 as the school's new name. Historian Court Carney suggested that "embarrassed by their city's early capitulation during the Civil War, white Memphians desperately needed a hero and therefore crafted a distorted depiction of Forrest's role in the war. Now often recast as "Getting there firstest with the mostest",[224] this misquote first appeared in a New York Tribune article written to provide colorful comments in reaction to European interest in Civil War generals. [81] What happened next became known as the Fort Pillow Massacre. "[167] Former Governor of New York Horatio Seymour was nominated as the Democratic presidential candidate, while Forrest's friend, Frank Blair, Jr. was nominated as the Democratic vice presidential candidate, Seymour's running mate. Pelican Publishing, Feb 28, 2007 - History - 560 pages. But there is more to the story than that. [190], On July 7, 2015, the Memphis City Council unanimously voted to remove the statue of Forrest from Health Sciences Park, and to return the remains of Forrest and his wife to Elmwood Cemetery. On July 13, 1862, led them into the First Battle of Murfreesboro, as a result of which all of the U.S. units surrendered to Forrest. [247] The City Council then voted on December 20, 2017, to sell Health Sciences Park to Memphis Greenspace, a new non-profit corporation not subject to the Heritage Protection Act, which removed the statue and another of Jefferson Davis that same evening. [85][86] The atrocities at Fort Pillow continued throughout the night. "Every moment lost is worth the life of a thousand men". When he received news of Lee's surrender, Forrest surrendered as well. After success in achieving the objectives specified by Hood, Forrest engaged U.S. forces near Murfreesboro on December 5, 1864. He sidestepped some questions and pleaded failure of memory on others. The Klan's activity infiltrated the Democratic Party's campaign for the presidential election of 1868. He is remembered both as a self-educated, innovative cavalry leader during the war and as a leading southern advocate in the postwar years. The exhumation and reburial were the results of a campaign that began after the Unite the Right Rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, in 2017. Nathan Bedford Forrest, the "wizard of the saddle," was one of the finest Confederate cavalry commanders and one of the foremost military figures produced by the state of Tennessee. He was buried in Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis, but in 1904 his remains were interred in Memphis's Forrest Park. [189] In 1904, the remains of Forrest and his wife Mary were disinterred from Elmwood and moved to a Memphis city park that was originally named Forrest Park in his honor but has since been renamed Health Sciences Park. [115] During Hood's Tennessee Campaign, he fought alongside General John Bell Hood, the newest commander of the Confederate Army of Tennessee, in the Second Battle of Franklin on November 30. [129], On July 5, 1875, Forrest gave a speech before the Independent Order of Pole-Bearers Association, a post-war organization of black Southerners advocating to improve black people's economic condition and gain equal rights for all citizens. In 1978, Middle Tennessee State University abandoned imagery it had formerly used (in 1951, the school's yearbook, The Midlander, featured the first appearance of Forrest's likeness as MTSU's official mascot) and MTSU president M. G. Scarlett removed the General's image from the university's official seal. [212] Leaders in other localities have also tried to remove or eliminate Forrest monuments, with mixed success. 100. Nathan became wealthy in the 1850s as a cotton planter and slave trader: he was based in Memphis, Tennessee but owned land in western Tennessee and northern Mississippi. [68] Gould shot Forrest in the hip, and Forrest mortally stabbed Gould. Tucker. [9] In the last years of his life, Forrest insisted he had never been a member,[10] and made public calls for black advancement. [200] A Tennessee-based organization, the Sons of Confederate Veterans, posthumously awarded Forrest their Confederate Medal of Honor, created in 1977. Richard L. Fuchs, author of An Unerring Fire, concluded: The affair at Fort Pillow was simply an orgy of death, a mass lynching to satisfy the basest of conductintentional murderfor the vilest of reasonsracism and personal enmity. Jack Hurst, another Forrest historian, described him as a physically imposing man for the time: He was more than 6 feet tall and weighed 180 pounds, Hurst wrote in "Nathan Bedford Forrest: A . Nathan Bedford Forrest (13 July 1821 - 29 October 1877) was a Lieutenant-General of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and the founder of the Ku Klux Klan terrorist group. [214] A significant push to change its name failed on February 16, 2018, when the governor-controlled Tennessee Historical Commission denied Middle Tennessee State University's petition to rename Forrest Hall. [242], In 2000, a monument to Forrest was unveiled in Selma, Alabama. Services were held at Court Avenue Presbyterian Church in Memphis before he was buried at Elmwood Cemetery. Nathan Bedford Forrest bust at Old Live Oak Cemetery in Selma, Ala. Universal Images Group via Getty By Connor Towne O'Neill July 13, 2020 10:00 AM EDT C onfederate General Nathan Bedford. [30][44], Public debate surrounded Tennessee's decision to join the Confederacy, and both the Confederate and United States armies recruited soldiers from the state. High schools named for Forrest were built in Chapel Hill, Tennessee and Jacksonville, Florida. [53], A month later, Forrest was back in action at the Battle of Shiloh, fought April 67, 1862. "[126] A memorial to him, the first Civil War memorial in Memphis, was erected in 1905 in a new Nathan Bedford Forrest Park. Forrest had fewer men than the U.S. side but feigned having a larger force by repeatedly parading some around a hilltop until Streight was convinced to surrender his 1,500 or so exhausted troops (historians Kevin Dougherty and Keith S. Hebert say he had about 1,700 men). [221] He grasped the doctrines of mobile warfare[222] that would eventually become prevalent in the 20th century. The losses were a deep blow to the black regiment under Sturgis's command. 1 Review. [160][161] He said he sympathized with them, but denied any formal connection, although he claimed he could muster thousands of men himself. [69] Forrest was thought to have been fatally wounded by Gould, but he recovered and was ready to fight in the Chickamauga Campaign. Bedford Forrest, the great Confederate cavalry officer, died at 7:30 o'clock this evening at the residence of his brother, Col. Jesse Forrest. [233], The site is now a Tennessee State Historic Park. [50], A few days after the Confederate surrender of Fort Donelson, with the fall of Nashville to U.S. forces imminent, Forrest took command of the city. [166] Forrest rode to the convention on a train that was stopped just outside of a small town along the way, when he was confronted by a well-known fighter shouting "d----d butcher" and wanting to "thrash" him. Nathan Bedford Forrest, Confederate general, 1862-1867. Meskipun para cendekiawan umumnya mengakui kemampuan Forrest dan keterampilannya sebagai pemimpin kavaleri dan pakar strategi militer, ia masih menjadi figur kontroversial dalam sejarah rasial, khususnya karena . Avoiding attack by never staying in one place long, Forrest eventually led his troops during the spring and summer of 1864 on raids into west Tennessee, as far north as the banks of the Ohio River in southwest Kentucky and into north Mississippi. [80] Booth and his adjutant were killed in the battle, leaving Fort Pillow under the command of Major William Bradford. Cassidy. Forest of Confederate fame was at our head, and was known as the Grand Wizard. For other uses, see, Klan prosecution and Congressional testimony (1871), sfn error: no target: CITEREFNewton2014's (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSelect_CommitteePolandScott1872 (, church shooting in Charleston, South Carolina, List of American Civil War generals (Confederate), Nathan Bedford Forrest bust in the Tennessee General Assembly building, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials, "Tennessee to remove bust of Ku Klux Klan leader Nathan Bedford Forrest from state Capitol", "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Nathan Bedford Forrest Boyhood Home", "Lieutenant-General N. B. Forrest and His Campaigns", "Civil War Myths, Mistakes and Fabrications", "The Fort Pillow Massacre. [243] On March 10, 2012, it was vandalized, and the bronze bust of the general disappeared. Afterwards, he admitted to 'gentlemanly lies'. [14] He and his twin sister, Fanny, were the two eldest of 12 children. Lieutenant General Nathan Bedford Forrest was a skilled Confederate cavalry leader during the Civil War who served in the west and was a master of mobile warfare. [103][104], S.C. Gwynne writes, "Forrest's responsibility for the massacre has been actively debated for a century and a half. You can be good citizens. The Tennessee Historical Commission denied removal on October 21, 2016, under the authority granted it by the Tennessee Heritage Protection Act of 2013, which prevents cities and counties from relocating, removing, renaming, or otherwise disturbing without permission war memorials on public property. [124] The ridgetop commissary he built as a provisioning store for the 1,000 Irish laborers hired to lay the rails became the nucleus of a town, which most residents called "Forrest's Town" and which was incorporated as Forrest City, Arkansas in 1870. Nathan Bedford Forrest Bust.jpg 2,150 2,688; 2.22 MB. A bust sculpted by Jane Baxendale is on display at the Tennessee State Capitol building in Nashville. In 1866, Forrest and C.C. [186] His eulogy was delivered by his recent spiritual mentor, former Confederate chaplain George Tucker Stainback, who declared in his eulogy: "Lieutenant-General Nathan Bedford Forrest, though dead, yet speaketh. Words cannot describe the scene. [208] In 2013, the board voted 70 to begin the process to rename the school. ", "Sons of Confederate Veterans 'Put to Rest for Eternity' Gen. Nathan Bedford in Columbia, Tennessee", Animated History of The Campaigns of Nathan Bedford Forrest, General Nathan Bedford Forrest Historical Society, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials. [147][148][149][150][151][152][153], Following the war, the United States Congress began passing the Reconstruction Acts to specify conditions for the readmission of former Confederate States to the United States,[154][155][156] including ratification of the Fourteenth (1868), and Fifteenth (1870) Amendments to the United States Constitution. The effort was spearheaded by Take 'Em Down 901, an organization dedicated to removing Confederate iconography founded by activist Tami Sawyer. It is reported that he had killed seven persons with this sword during the war. [60][61], The U.S. Army gained military control of Tennessee in 1862 and occupied it for the duration of the war, having taken control of strategic cities and railroads. [204][205] A monument to Forrest at a corner of Veterans Plaza in Rome, Georgia was erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1909 to honor his bravery for defending Rome from U.S. Army Colonel Abel Streight and his cavalry.[206]. Paramount in his strategy was fast movement, even if it meant pushing his horses at a killing pace, to constantly harass the enemy during raids by disrupting their supply trains and communications with the destruction of railroad tracks and the cutting of telegraph lines, as he wheeled around his opponent's flank. [125], The historian Court Carney writes that Forrest was not universally popular in the white Memphis community: he alienated many of the city's business people in his commercial dealings and was criticized for questionable business practices that caused him to default on debts. [171], Forrest testified before the Congressional investigation of Klan activities on June 27, 1871. [108] Forrest set up a position for an attack to repulse a pursuing force commanded by Sturgis, who had been sent to impede Forrest from destroying U.S. Army supply lines and fortifications. [51][52] Forrest arranged for heavy ordnance machinery, including a new cannon rifling machine and fourteen cannons, as well as parts from the Nashville Armory, to be sent to Atlanta for use by the Confederate Army. [70] Like several others under Bragg's command, he urged an immediate follow-up attack to recapture Chattanooga, which had fallen a few weeks before. Klansmen took their orders from their former Confederate officers. Nathan Bedford Forrest was a self-taught man who made his fortune as a cotton planter and trader of enslaved people. Consequently, his role at Fort Pillow was a stigmatizing one for him the rest of his life, both professionally and personally,[229][230] and contributed to his business problems after the war. He married Mary Frances Bassler on 19 November 1930, in Cook, Illinois, United States. As of 2007[update], Tennessee had 32 dedicated historical markers linked to Nathan Bedford Forrest, more than are dedicated to all three former Presidents associated with the state combined: Andrew Jackson, James K. Polk, and Andrew Johnson. [90] Forrest's men were alleged to have set fire to a U.S. barracks with wounded U.S. Army soldiers inside[91][92] In defense of their actions, Forrest's men insisted that the U.S. soldiers, although fleeing, kept their weapons and frequently turned to shoot, forcing the Confederates to keep firing in self-defense. #1. Forrest spoke in the encouragement of black advancement and endeavored to be a proponent for espousing peace and harmony between black and white Americans. "[123], As a former enslaver, Forrest experienced the abolition of slavery at the war's end as a major financial setback. Forrest, who was a Freemason,[7] joined the Ku Klux Klan in 1867 (two years after its founding) and was elected its first Grand Wizard. Hicks refused to comply with the ultimatum, and according to his subsequent report, Forrest's troops took a position and set up a battery of guns while a flag of truce was still up. Nathan Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821 - October 29, 1877) was a lieutenant general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. When General Nathan Bedford Forrest was born on 13 July 1821, in Chapel Hill, Marshall, Tennessee, United States, his father, William B Forrest, was 20 and his mother, Miriam A Beck, was 19. In 2013, Forrest Park in Memphis was renamed the Health Sciences Park amid substantial controversy. Modern historians generally believe that Forrest's attack on Fort Pillow was a massacre, noting high casualty rates and the rebels targeting black soldiers. Before the war, Forrest amassed substantial wealth as a cotton plantation owner, horse, and cattle trader, real estate broker, and slave trader. As soon as they received the U.S. reply, they moved forward at the command of a junior officer, and the U.S. forces opened fire. and The Mansion ), none of the eleven fictions that mention . Apr 6, 2013. 410 to overrule the city. Either could have been the officer in charge of the event Lucius recalls in The Reivers - "legend to some people maybe. I do not hate it; I am opposing now only the radical revolutionists who are trying to destroy it. [188], Forrest was buried at Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis. . Nathan Bedford Forrest (13 Juli 1821 - 29 Oktober 1877) adalah seorang jenderal Tentara Konfederasi pada Perang Saudara Amerika dan pemimpin Ku Klux Klan berpengaruh pasca-perang. [13], In 1841 Forrest went into business with his uncle Jonathan Forrest in Hernando, Mississippi. Local lawyer and radio host Rose Sanders said, "Glorifying Nathan B. 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